Early Diagnosis of Canine Ehrlichiosis by Hot Start PCR

Bindu Lakshmanan^1*, Lalitha John², G. Dhinakarraj³, S. Gomathinayagam²

¹Department of Parasitology
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Pookot, Wayanad , Kerala, India

²Department of Parasitology
³Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, India

(Received January 25, 2006; accepted December 10, 2006)

Abstract

Lakshmanan, B., John, L., Dhinakarraj, G. and Gomathinayagam, S. 2007. Early diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis by hot start PCR. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 11-12.

The hot start PCR assay for the detection of 16S rRNA gene fragment of Ehrlichia from blood of dogs has been standardized for the first time in India. The genus-specific primers amplified a 477bp band of Ehrlichia sp. This protocol could detect the presence of Ehrlichia sp. one month after specific antibiotic therapy as well. Thus hot start PCR is a reliable and sensitive technique for this purpose.

Key words: Ehrlichia sp, Hotstart PCR, 16S rRNA gene.

Effects of in utero TPTCL Exposure on the Learned Behaviors of Mice after Birth

1Laboratory of Advanced Animal and Marine Bioresources

²Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science
Institute of Marine Biological Chemistry
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology

Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences
Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan

(Received May 2, 2006; accepted July 17, 2006)

Abstract

Takagi, S., Tomonaga, S., Ito, S., Oshima, Y., Honjo, T. and Furuse, M. 2007. Effects of in utero TPTCL exposure on the learned behaviors of mice after birth. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 13-20.

The open field test and the elevated plus-maze test were applied to investigate the effects of in utero triphenyltin chloride (TPTCL) exposure on learned behavior in ICR strain mice. During pregnancy mice (8-weeks-old) received daily oral administration of vehicle (corn oil) or TPTCL (0.9 and 9 mg/kg) for a period of up to 18 days. Plasma sex hormone concentrations, body weight and organ weights were not significantly changed and no external malformations were noted after TPTCL exposure in either dams or pups. However, a decrease in the number of animals completing pregnancy and the number of dams rearing pups normally was observed in the 9 mg/kg TPTCL group. No behavioral effects of TPTCL treatment were observed in pups or dams in the two tests employed. Measurable levels of TPTCL were found in the brains of dams in the TPTCL dosage group, but not in the brains of their pups. These results indicated that the TPTCL dosages and treatment period used did not influence metabolism and/or learned behaviors in mice. However the possibility is suggested that TPTCL may have adverse effects on normal pregnancy and maternal behavior.

Keywords : Organotin compounds, triphenyltin, fetal toxicity, maternal toxicity, brain, learned behavior, open field test, elevated plus maze test, metabolic system, accumulation of TPTCL.

Alkali Treatment of Swine Manure Solids for Inclusion in Sheep Diets

A.F. Castellanos-Ruelas¹, J.A. Tepal-Chalé², R.A. Bores-Quintero²,
L.A. Chel-Guerrero¹, D.A. Betancur-Ancona¹

¹Facultad de Ingeniería Química
Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán
Av. Juárez # 421, Col. Ciudad Industrial, 97288 Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico

²Campo Experimental Mocochá. INIFAP-SAGARPA
A.P. 4-100, 97112 Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico

(Received February 22, 2006; accepted September 26, 2006)

Abstract

Castellanos-Ruelas, A.F., Tepal-Chalé, J.A., Bores-Quintero, R.A., Chel-Guerrero, L.A. and Betancur-Ancona, D.A. 2007. Alkali treatment of swine manure solids for inclusion in sheep diets. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 21-24.

In order to reduce the risk of pollution of swine manure, as well as making its profitable use as a feed for ruminants, it was treated with urea and/or a legume seed. In the first experiment in situ dry matter digestibility was estimated after addition of 30g urea or 50g raw legume seed/kg of swine manure solids (SMS) using two fermentation periods, 5 and 7 days. In the second experiment 0, 15 or 30g urea and/or soybean per kg SMS was fermented for 3 or 5 days. In the third experiment the effect of incorporating treated SMS in sheep diets on growth and body composition was evaluated. Generation of ammonia by the urea-legume system in the SMS increased its digestibility and was reflected in weight gain in the experimental animals. SMS treated with 30g urea and 15g soybean/kg SMS fermented for 5 days could be included in sheep diets up to 15% of feed dry matter with positive growth results over short growth periods.

Key words: Swine manure, alkali treatments, tropical sheep.

Intracerebroventricular Injection of Tryptophan, but not Lysine or Methionine, Induces Sedative Effect during an Acute Stressful Condition in Neonatal Chicks

Isao Kurauchi^a, Mari Asechi^a, Tetsuya Tachibana^a,d, Li Han^b,
Kohsuke Hayamizu^b, D. Michael Denbow^c, Mitsuhiro Furuse^a*

^aLaboratory of Advanced Animal and Marine Bioresources
Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences
Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan

^bFANCL Research Institute
12-13, Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama
Kanagawa 244-0806, Japan

^cDepartment of Animal and Poultry Sciences
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg, VA 24061-0306, USA

(Received June 13, 2006; accepted July 17, 2006)

Abstract

Kurauchi, I., Asechi, M., Tachibana, T., Han, L., Hayamizu, K., Denbow, D.M. and Furuse, M. 2007. Intracerebroventricular injection of tryptophan, but not lysine or methionine, induces a sedative effect during an acute stressful condition in neonatal chicks. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 25-28.

To elucidate the central effect of three essential amino acids viz. tryptophan, methionine and lysine on stress responses, each amino acid (0.8 µmol) or saline was administered i.c.v. just before exposure to social separation stress. The social separation stress increased spontaneous activity and vocalization of chicks, but these responses were attenuated by the i.c.v. injection of tryptophan, but not methionine or lysine. In conclusion, centrally administered tryptophan may be effective in attenuating anxiety induced by a psychological stressor.

Keywords : DL-tryptophan, L-methionine, L-lysine, intracerebroventricular injection, neonatal chick, social separation stress.

Use of Faecel Fluid for Dry Matter Digestibility of Ruminant Feeds

N. Denek^a, A. Can^b

^aFaculty of Veterinary Medicine

^bDepartment of Animal Science

Faculty of Agriculture

University of Harran, Sanliurfa
Turkey

(Received January 21, 2006; accepted October 10, 2006)

Abstract

Denek, N. and Can, A. 2007. Use of faecel fluid for dry matter digestibility of ruminant feeds. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 29-32.

To compare the suitability of buffered faecal suspensions of sheep (SFT), cattle (CFT) and horse (HFT) as an inoculum in in vitro digestibility technique ten feeds viz. commercial concentrate feed (CCF) with low CP: wheat straw (WS) (30:70; F1), CCF with high CP: WS (70:30; F2), CCF with low CP: alfalfa hay (AH) (70:30; F3), CCF with low CP: WS (70:30; F4), CCF with low CP: alfalfa hay (AH) (30:70; F5), tomato pomace silage containing 10% WS (F6), corn grain (CG): AH (40:60; F7), CG:AH (85:15; F8), AH (F9) and WS (F10) were used. Results from this study indicated that HFT had the highest potential to be used for predicting in vivo DM digestibility. However, more research is required to improve HFT.

Keywords: Sheep, cow, horse, faeces, in vitro digestibility.

Preliminary Repeated Oocyte Recovery by Rectovaginal Method in Pregnant Crossbred Darreshuri Mares

M.R. Ahmadi, A.R. Rohian

Department of Clinical Sciences
School of Veterinary Medicine
Shiraz University, Shiraz 71345-1731, Iran

(Revised received September 8, 2006; accepted September 17, 2006)

Abstract

Ahmadi, M.R. and Rohian, A.R. 2007. Preliminary repeated oocyte recovery by rectovaginal method in pregnant crossbred Darreshuri mares. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 33-35.

To evaluate the oocyte recovery rate through aspiration of follicle in pregnant mare by rectovaginal method, four healthy Darashuri mares were selected. Aspiration of follicles after pregnancy confirmation was carried out from 15 days to the end of fifth month of pregnancy in those palpable follicles. The rectovaginal method of oocyte aspiration posed no danger either to the mare or fetus even if it is repeated several times. The oocyte recovery rate was 13.64%. It appeared that the lifespan of well developed follicles during pregnancy was considerably short as they usually luteinized before reaching their maximum size. It is concluded that this method may be tried for oocyte recovery from pregnant mares.

Keywords: Mare, oocyte, pregnant, aspiration, rectovaginal.

Effect of Cage Density on Performance and Egg Quality Traits of Layers

S. Ôahin¹, M. Macit^2*, N. Esenbu—a², H. Karaca²

¹Departments of Agricultural Buildings and Irrigation

²Department of Animal Sciences

Agricultural Faculty, Atatürk University
Erzurum, Turkey

(Received February 6, 2006; accepted October 6, 2006)

Abstract

Ôahin, S., Macit, M., Esenbu—a, N. and Karaca, H. 2007. Effect of cage density on performance and egg quality traits of layers. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 37-39.

This experiment was carried out to assess the effect of cage density levels of 4, 5 and 6 birds per cage, at 540 (low-density=L), 432 (normal-density=N) and 360 (high-density=H) cm²/hen densities, on performance and egg quality traits in Lohmann layers. Hens placed in H-density and N-density cages had lower feed consumption and feed conversion ratio (FCR), but similar egg production. However, averages of live weight gain were adversely affected at the highest density level. There were no differences among groups in terms of egg quality parameters. A cage density of 360 cm²/hen may be recommended for laying hens weighing 1.5 to 1.7 kg.

Key words: Laying hens, cage density, laying performance, egg quality.

Interaction of Dietary Selenium and Magnesium Level on Digestive Function in Lambs Fed High-concentrate Diets

L.M. Hernández-Calva¹, M.I. Guerrero-Legarreta¹, M.L. Pérez-Chabela¹,
R. López-Arellano², J.E. Ramírez-Bribiesca³

¹División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
México

²División de Farmacéutica, FES-C, Campo I
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
México

³Colegio de Postgraduados
Enlace de Ganadería, Campus Montecillo, Km 36.5 Carr. México-Texcoco,
Montecillo Edo. de México CP50230, México

(Received February 7, 2006; accepted August 16, 2006)

Abstract

Hernández-Calva, L.M., Guerrero-Legarreta, M.I., Pérez-Chabela, M.L., López-Arellano, R. and Ramírez-Bribiesca, J.E. 2007. Interaction of dietary selenium and magnesium level on digestive function in lambs fed high concentrate diets. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 41-46.

A metabolism trial involving 4 Suffolk lambs (30.8 kg) cannulated in the rumen and proximal duodenum were conducted to evaluate the interaction of dietary Sel 0.10 vs 0.30 µg) and Mg level (0.18 vs 0.32%) on digestive function. Passage of feed N to the small intestine was greater (P<0.1) with 0.32% dietary Mg, and there was an interaction (P<0.05) between Mg and Se supplementation on feed N flow to duodenum and rumen digestion. There was an interaction between dietary Mg and Se level on passage of Mg and Se to the small intestine (P<0.05), ruminal solubility Mg concentration, molar proportion of acetate and acetate: propionate molar ratios. 0.3 µg Se increased (P<0.05) molar concentrations of butyrate. It is concluded that requirement levels of Se and Mg for feedlot lambs is substantially higher than that recommended by NRC.

Key words: Selenium, magnesium, lambs, digestive function.

Evaluation of the Herb, Cissus quadrangularis in Accelerating the Healing Process of Femur Osteotomies in dogs

S.K. Maiti, B. Saravanan, G.R. Singh, Naveen Kumar, M. Hoque,
Jawahar Lal*, Kalicharan**

Division of Surgery
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Izatnagar-243122, India

(Received January 25, 2006; accepted September 10, 2006)

Abstract

Maiti, S.K., Saravanan, B., Singh, G.R., Kumar, N., Hoque, M., Lal, J. and Kalicharan. 2007. Evaluation of the herb, Cissus quadrangularis in accelerating the healing process of femur osteotomies in dogs. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 47-52.

To evaluate the efficacy of the herb, Cissus quadrangularis Linn as an adjunct to internal fixation in bone healing in dogs, unilateral comminuted diaphyseal femoral osteotomy was created under general anaesthesia and immobilized with neutralization bone plate. All animals received routine postoperative treatment. In group B, additionally ethanolic extract of the herb was applied on skin surface twice a day along with subcutaneous injection (50 mg/ kg body wt) on every alternate day for 20 days postoperatively. Early resolution of inflammatory signs and weight bearing were observed in animals of group B. Accelerated bone healing with complete bridging of comminuted fragments, extensive bony deposition along with periosteal and medullary continuity across the osteotomies site in the animals of group B were observed. Whereas, the process was relatively slow and the union was incomplete on day 60 in the animals of group A (control). It is concluded that Cissus quadrangularis accelerated the fracture healing.

Keywords : Herb, Cissus quadrangularis, dog, osteotomies healing, femur, radiography, scanning electron microscopy, histopathology.

In situ Digestibility of Neutral Detergent Fiber of Introduced Cenchrus ciliaris and Six Native Mexican Grasses Consumed by Small Ruminants

R.G. Ramirez

Departmento de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas
Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon
Pedro de Alba y Manuel Marragan S/N
Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., 66450, Mexico

(Received April 13, 2006; accepted January 4, 2007)

Abstract

Ramirez, R.G. 2007. In situ digestibility of neutral detergent fiber of introduced Cenchrus ciliaris and six native Mexican grasses consumed by small ruminants. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 53-57.

Native grasses from northeastern Mexico such as Aristida longiseta (Steud), Bouteloua gracilis (Thurb), Cenchrus incertus (M.A. Curtis), Hilaria berlangeri (Steud, Nash), Panicum hallii (Varsey) and Setaria macrostachya (H.B.K.) and introduced Cenchrus ciliaris (L), a cultivated grass, that are consumed by range small ruminants were evaluated to estimate seasonally, their neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content and the rate and extent of NDF digestion. Panicum hallii was lower (72, 34, 26%, respectively) in NDF, cellulose and hemicellulose content and A. longiseta was higher (87, 37, 37%). Cenchrus incertus (42%, annual mean) was higher in EDNDF and A. longiseta (25%) was lower. With exception of C. incertus, all native grasses had lower EDNDF than C. ciliaris (40%). Because of their low NDF digestion most native grasses could be considered poor food resources for range small ruminants.

Keywords: Grasses: Aristida longiseta, Bouteloua gracilis, Cenchrus ciliaris, Cenchrus incertus, Hilaria berlangeri, Panicum hallii, Setaria macrostachya, effective degradability, neutral detergent fiber.

Energy Values of Maize Silages, Harvested and Ensiled at Different Seasons, with Nylon Bag and Enzymatic Methods

Cüneyt Temur, Murat Demirel

Animal Science Department
Agricultural Faculty
Yüzüncü Yil University
Van 65080, Turkey

(Received February 1, 2006; accepted November 10, 2006)

Abstract

Temur, C. and Demirel, M. 2007. Energy values of maize silages, harvested and ensiled at different seasons, with nylon bag and enzymatic methods. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 59-64.

Energy values of maize silages harvested and ensiled at before silking (BS), silking (S), milk line (ML) and half milk line (HML) were determined by nylon bag and enzyme (pepsin-cellulase) methods. In the nylon bag technique, dry matter (DMD) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) of maize silages (60.02 and 65.63% BS stage) were reduced by advancing maturity stage. In the enzyme method, when DMD of maize silages (55.24% at BS stage) was reduced, OMD (42.20%) was increased by advancing maturity stage (P<0.05). Determined DMD and OMD values with nylon bag technique as well as digestible (DE), metabolizable (ME) and net energy for lactation (NE_l) method were higher than the enzyme method (P<0.01). According to the linear regression analysis, relationships between two methods were nonsignificant. But the results of 2^nd degree polynomial function regression analyses, all relationships were significant and the highest R² value was 0.63 for following equation: Nylon bag organic matter digestibility=62.79-22.99STAGE+0.014EME+3.99STAGE²-0.0001EME². Thus enzyme method could be used only at milk line for estimations of DMD, OMD, DE, ME and NE_l.

Key words: Maize silage, nylon bag technique, enzyme method, energy value.

Coenurosis in Sheep of Fars Province, Iran

N. Moghaddar

Department of Pathobiology
School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University
Shiraz-71345-1958, Iran

(Received January 12, 2006; accepted September 1, 2006)

Abstract

Moghaddar, N. 2007. Coenurosis in sheep of fars province, Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 65-67.

Five sheep in a flock of 406 animals were diagnosed for coenurosis caused by metacestode of Taenia multiceps. The affected animals showed characteristic signs of "Gid" including uncontrolled jerky movements, excitement and emaciation. One animal was seriously affected, became blind with one eye, developed paralysis of hind limbs and died. The clinical signs varied according to the number and location of the cysts in brain and other organs. The cysts recovered were confirmed as Coenurus cerebralis. The brain tissue showed damage leading to necrosis, mononuclear leucocytic infiltration and perivascular cuffings. The farmers were advised to take preventive measures for sheep as well as accompanying dogs.

Key words: Coenurosis, Coenurus cerebralis, Taenia multiceps, gid, perivascular cuffings.

Genetic Diversity Between Red Jungle Fowl and Domestic Chicken For BL B2 Region

Anup Singh, Jaiyashi Gupta, R.R. Churchil, Deepak Sharma*, R.V. Singh

Genome Mapping Laboratory
Central Avian Research Institute
Izatnagar-243 122, India

(Received April 13, 2006; accepted December 24, 2006)

Abstract

Singh, A., Gupta, J., Churchil, R.R., Sharma, D. and Singh, R.V. 2007. Genetic diversity between red jungle fowl and domestic chicken for BL B2 region. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 69-72.

Genetic polymorphism in BL B2 gene between Red Jungle Fowl (RJF) and domesticated chicken through sequence homology comparisons was studied. A 277 bp amplicon representing second exon corresponding to b₁ extra cellular domain of BL B2 gene was amplified using chicken specific primers and sequenced (Accession No DQ885564). Sequence homology comparisons of the 277 bp sequence of RJF showed that it had the maximum genetic similarity (93.3 %) with BW1 haplotype of RJF. Among the chicken B haplotypes, B21 haplotype, irrespective of its genetic background i.e. either it is from White Leghorn or Thai native chicken, showed maximum sequence homology. Among chicken breeds, RJF showed more genetic similarity with Chinese and Korean native in comparison to Indian native chicken breed.

Keywords: BL B2 gene, genetic diversity, Red Jungle Fowl, MHC, domesticated chicken.

Effect of Yeast Culture Supplementation on Nutrient Digestibility and Fattening Performance of Awassi Rams Fed Different Levels of Straw Containing Diets

A. Can^a.*, N. Denek^b, M. Seker ^a, H. Ipek^b

^aDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture

^bFaculty of Veterinary Medicine

University of Harran
Sanliurfa, Turkey

(Received February 28, 2006; accepted November 6, 2006)

Abstract

Can, A., Denek, N., Seker, M. and Ipek, H. 2007. Effect of yeast culture supplementation on nutrient digestibility and fattening performance of Awassi rams fed different levels of straw containing diets. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 73-77.

Two apparent digestion trials, an in-vitro trial and a fattening trial were conducted to evaluate the effect of yeast culture (YC). In trial I and II, nine 3 years old Awassi rams were allocated for three treatments at random. In trial I, 0, 5 and 10 g/d of a YC was supplemented to a basal diet containing 70% wheat straw (WS) and 30% commercial concentrate pelleted feed (CCPF) with low CP level (12%). In trial II, 0, 10 and 20 g/d of a YC was supplemented to a basal of 30% WS and 70% CCPF with high CP level (16 %). In trial III, in vitro dry matter disappearances (IVDMD) of alfalfa hay (AH), WS, CCPF with low and high CP levels were determined using two inoculants with or without YC supplementation (20g/d/ram). In trial IV, 12 Awassi lambs (5-6 month old) were equally allotted among dietary treatments for control and 10 g/d YC supplementation groups. Yeast culture supplementation did not change DM and OM digestibility in both in vivo digestion trials (P>0.05), but IVDMD of AH, WS and CCPF with high CP improved with YC supplementation (P<0.05). While digestibility of ADF and CP was decreased with 10
g/d YC supplementation in trial 1, digestibility of NDF and CP was improved (P<0.05) with 20g/d YC supplementation in trial 2. The YC supplementation of 20g/d in trial 2 increased ruminal pH and
NH₃-N. In fattening trial, YC supplementation had no effect. Thus, there was no advantage of supplementing YC on DM and OM digestibility of diets and fattening performance of Awassi lambs.

Key words: Yeast culture, nutrient digestibility, Awassi sheep, fattening.

Circannual Fluctuations in Serum Cortisol and Glucose Concentrations and Hair Coat Growth in Goats

C.A. Meza-Herrera^1*, J.A. Bocanegra V.¹, R. Bañuelos², C.F. Aréchiga²,
R.M. Rincón², M.A. Ochoa-Cordero³, A.S. Juárez-Reyes⁴,
M.A. Cerrillo-Soto⁴, H. Salinas⁵

¹Universidad Autónoma Chapingo
Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Aridas. México

²Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, México

³Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México

⁴Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango, México

⁵Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales
Agrícolas y Pecuarias, México

(Revised received September 12, 2006; accepted October 25, 2006)

Abstract

Meza-Herrera, C.A., Bocanegra V.J.A., Bañuelos, R., Aréchiga, C.F., Rincón, R.M., Ochoa-Cordero, M.A., Juárez-Reyes, A.S., Cerrillo-Soto, M.A. and Salinas, H. 2007. Circannual fluctuations in serum cortisol and glucose concentrations and hair coat growth in goats. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 79-82.

This study characterized serum cortisol (CORT) and glucose (GLUC) levels and the hair cover length in six goat genotypes, Granadina (G), Nubian (N), Saanen (S), Toggenburg (T), Alpine (A), Crosses (C; Saanen x Criollo) throughout the four seasons of the year. Goats (five per breed, 37±3 mo, 42.1±3 kg) were kept under stall-fed conditions. The heaviest BW was displayed by S and T while the best BC (P<0.001) was observed in C, N and G. The S, T and C displayed the largest (P<0.001) values for rump (HR) and neck (HN) hair cover. However, neither CORT nor GLUC differed (P>0.05) among genotypes. The belly hair cover (HB) and HN were the maximum during winter (Wn) and spring (Sp). During fall (Fl) there was the lowest (P<0.001) BC and the most reduced (P<0.001) GLUC. These findings suggest that goats may perceive to both fall environmental conditions and rainfall as potential stressors able to activate the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal axis, and in turn, may dictate catabolic actions in a cortisol-dependent fashion.

Key words: Goats, environment, breeds, cortisol, glucose.

Occurrence of Coenurus gaigeri Infection in Goats in Shiraz, Iran

N. Moghaddar

Department of Pathobiology
School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University
Shiraz 71345-1958, Iran

(Received December 29, 2005; accepted August 10, 2006)

Abstract

Moghaddar, N. 2007. Occurrence of Coenurus gaigeri infection in goats in Shiraz, Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 31: 83-84.

The present paper deals with the observations on the occurrence and clinical manifestations of Coenurus gaigeri infection in goats in Shiraz, Iran. Out of 52 goats examined, four were found positive for this infection. Two goats revealed cysts of variable size (2-4 cm) in different parts of body. One of these animals showed massive infection with this metacestode in subcutaneous and intramuscular tissues of neck, scapular and back regions. Forty six cysts were recovered on incision while many cysts were deeply embedded in the muscular tissues of neck region. The dogs accompanied the goats, probably served as source of infection and hence the farmers were advised to get the dogs dewormed regularly.

Key words: Coenurus gaigeri, metacestode, occurrence, clinical sign, goat.

In vitro Parameters as Predictors of Metabolizable Energy Values of Roughages

Hulya Ozkul, Yilmaz Sayan, Muazzez Polat, Asim Kilic

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture
Ege University Bornova-Izmir, Turkey

(Received February 16, 2006; accepted September 24, 2006)

Abstract

Ozkul, H., Sayan, Y., Polat, M. and Kilic, A. 2007. In vitro parameters as predictors of metabolizable
energy values of roughages. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 85-88.

To predict the metabolizable energy (ME) values of roughages based on in vitro 24h gas production (GP) with cell wall contents and/or chemical components, data of Sayan et al. (2004) for 40 roughages were used in the study. Based on R² (determination coefficient) values, best predictions were made when GP and ADF values were used with crude protein, ash and ether extract separately or together.

Key words: Roughages, gas production, chemical component, determination coefficient.

Evaluation of Dot-ELISA for Serodiagnosis of Fasciolosis in Naturally Infected Sheep

B. Meshgi, A. Eslami, P. Shayan

Department of Parasitology
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
Tehran, 14155-6453 Iran

(Received February 6, 2006; accepted September 16, 2006)

Abstract

Meshgi, B., Eslami, A. and Shayan, P. 2007. Evaluation of dot-ELISA for serodiagnosis of fasciolosis in naturally infected sheep. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 89-91.

In order to evaluate dot-ELISA technique for serodiagnosis of ovine fasciolosis, 40 sera samples from infected and 10 as control from non infected sheep were collected from a local abattoir. Somatic antigens, and excretory/secretory (E/S) products of Fasciola were prepared. The nitrocellulose membrane disks (5 mm diameter) were coated with antigens and blocked with 3% skimmed milk. Then they were washed and incubated with sera for 60 min. The anti sheep immunoglobulin conjugate was used at 1:1000 dilutions for 60 min and incubated using DAB substrate. Disks were analysed at room temperature for the presence of any visible dot. Specificity and sensitivity of somatic and E/S antigens were 94.6%, 58.4% and 100%, 75%, respectively. No cross reaction was observed with Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Hydatid cyst and Cysticercus tenuicollis. It is concluded that dot-ELISA system by using E/S antigen is a useful mean to detect fasciolosis in sheep.

Keywords: Dot ELISA, sero diagnosis, Fasciola, sheep.

Gender Role in the Small Ruminant Sector in Mountain Area of Turkey

M.K. Davran¹ , N. Darcan², D.B. Budak¹

¹Department of Agricultural Economics

²Department of Animal Science
University of Cukurova, Faculty of Agriculture
01330 Adana-Turkey

(Received March 17, 2006; accepted September 20, 2006)

Abstract

Davran, M.K., Darcan, N. and Budak, D.B. 2007. Gender role in the small ruminant sector in
mountain area of Turkey. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 93-95.

To examine gender role of women in small ruminant sector in Taurus mountains of Turkey, data were collected in 10 villages by face to face interview with 100 women. Rural women living in Taurus mountains carry out a primary role in small ruminant activities but their productive work has been ignored and underestimated. They are working on an average 12.6 h a day and get help/support from children and particularly from girls in small ruminant activities. Division of labor in small ruminant activities is unfavorable to women and they have secondary position in decision making process. Accessibility to knowledge, technology, education, health and extension is very difficult for women due to low educational level and patriarchy; and the proportion of illiterate women is 66%. Women ignorant of their primary status and productive role in rural life, define themselves as housewife instead of farmer and do not like their job.

Key words: Gender role, rural woman, small ruminant activities, mountain areas, Turkey.

Molecular Characterization of ompA Gene of Pasteurella multocida Serotype B: 2

S. Singh, V.P. Singh*, A.A. Kumar, S. Joseph, P.S. Cheema,
S.K. Srivastava, Nem Singh

Division of Bacteriology and Mycology
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Izatnagar-243122, India

(Received March 24, 2006; accepted December 10, 2006)

Abstract

Singh, S., Singh, V.P., Kumar, A.A., Joseph, S., Cheema, P.S., Srivastava, S.K. and Singh, N. 2007. Molecular characterization of ompA gene of Pasteurella multocida serotype B: 2. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 97-100.

The ompA gene of Pasteurella multocida serotype B: 2 (strain P₅₂) was cloned in InsT/A vector for sequencing and gene sequence was compared with that of other strains (232, 95010872, T94289 and 95120769) of serogroup A. It revealed a 1077 nucleotide and it had additional 30 bp than that of serotype A: 3. About 11.5 to 14% divergence in ompA gene sequence was observed between serotype B: 2 and various strains of serogroup A of P. multocida. A variation of about 20% in the amino acid sequence of outer membrane protein A (OmpA) was also recorded between serogroups A and B.

Key words: Cloning, Pasteurella multocida, outer membrane protein A (OmpA).

Effect of Fumitory, Celery and Lemon on Blood Glucose and Histopathology of Pancreas of Alloxan Diabetic Rats

Gholamali Jelodar¹, Mohsen Maleki², Shahram Sirus¹

¹Department of Physiology
College of Veterinary Medicine
Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71345, Iran

²Department of Pathology
College of Veterinary Medicine
Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran

(Received March 17, 2006; accepted October 4, 2006)

Abstract

Jelodar, G., Maleki, M. and Sirus, S. 2007. Effect of fumitory, celery and lemon on blood glucose and histopathology of pancreas of alloxan diabetic rats. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 101-104.

This study was performed to investigate hypoglycemic effect of fumitory leaf, celery leaf and lemon recommended in Persian folklore medicine as beneficial in treatment of diabetes and their possible effect on pancreatic tissue. Diabetes mellitus was induced in 20 adult male Sprague Dawley rats, by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (185 mg/kg). The diabetic rats were divided into four groups; three of them fed a diet supplemented with 15 grams of the mentioned plants for 15 days. Fourth diabetic untreated group (positive control) and a non-diabetic group (negative control) received standard diet. Volume density of b cells and islets, percent of b cells, number of islets per square centimeter and average area of islets was recorded. Fumitory and celery reduced blood glucose significantly compared with diabetic untreated group (10.71 and 11.17 vs. 14.36 mmol/l) (P<0.05). In control positive and groups treated with plants all mentioned histomorphometric factors were significantly changed in comparison with control negative except number of islets per square centimeter, which increased in fumitory group. In conclusion fumitory leaf and celery have shown potential hypoglycemic effect and the results support the traditional use of these plants for controlling hyperglycemia.

Keywords: Fumitory, celery, lemon, alloxan, diabetes, histopathology, pancreas.