Effect of Eprinomectin or Fenbendazole on the Performance of Growing Steers Grazing Tall Fescue

Stacey A. Gunter, Paul A. Beck, Don H. Hubbell III

Southwest Research & Extension Centre
Division of Agriculture
University of Arkansas
Hope, Arkansas 71801-9729, USA

(Received June 24, 2005; accepted December 1, 2005)

Abstract

Gunter, S.A., Beck, P.A. and Hubbell III, D.H. 2006. Effect of eprinomectin or fenbendazole on the performance of growing steers grazing tall fescue. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 1-5.

Two experiments were conducted over 98 and 113 days in the fall and spring, respectively, with growing steers grazing tall fescues (Festuca arundinacea Schreb). In both experiments, untreated steers weighed less (P<0.01) than steers treated with eprinomectin or fenbendazole after grazing. The body weight between steers treated with eprinomectin or fenbendazole did not differ (P>0.33). Untreated steers had average daily gains that were less (P<0.01) than steers treated with eprinomectin or fenbendazole. No differences (P=0.49) were noted in average daily gains between eprinomectin and fenbendazole. Untreated steers had higher (P<0.01) strongyle egg counts than the steers treated with eprinomectin or fenbendazole. Steers de-wormed with eprinomectin or fenbendazole responded similarly to treatment in both grazing seasons with de-wormed cattle gaining body weight 67% faster than non-treated control steers. Using eprinomectin did not produce a synergistic effect on body weight gain by cattle grazing tall fescue compared to using fenbendazole which has been suggested to occur when using ivermectin, even though eprinomectin and ivermectin are chemically similar.

Key words: Beef cattle, Tall Fescue, eprinomectin, fenbendazole.

Occurrence of Capillarid Eggs in Turkeys and
Guinea Fowls in India

Harkirat Singh, A.K. Mishra, J.R. Rao

Division of Parasitology
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Izatnagar-243 122, India

(Received August 8, 2005; accepted January 6, 2006)

Abstract

Singh, H., Mishra, A.K. and Rao, J.R. 2006. Occurrence of capaillarid eggs in turkeys and guinea fowls in India. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 7-8.

To know the prevalence of capillariosis in turkeys and guinea fowls at an organised farm in India, pooled faecal samples from 102 turkeys and 150 guinea fowls were subjected to floatation techniques for detection of eggs. Representative faecal samples revealed 5% turkeys and 46% guinea fowls positive for Capillaria sp. The capillarid eggs from turkeys were in the range of 42 x 25 µm while those from guinea fowls ranged 37 x 20 µm. This appears to be the first report on occurrence of Capillaria sp. in turkeys and guinea fowls in India.

Key words: Capillaria sp., guinea fowls, turkey, India.

Circannual Identification and Quantification of Constitutive Heat Shock Proteins (HSP 70) in Goats

C.A. Meza-Herrera^1,2, L. Martínez¹, C. Aréchiga³, R. Bañuelos³, R.M. Rincón³, J. Urrutia², H. Salinas², M. Mellado⁴

¹Universidad Autónoma Chapingo
Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Aridas, México

²Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales
Agricolas y Pecuarias, México

³Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, México

⁴Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, México

(Received February 3, 2005; accepted December 16, 2005 )

Abstract

Meza-Herrera, C.A., Martínez, L., Aréchiga, C., Bañuelos, R., Rincón, R.M., Urrutia, J., Salinas, H. and Mellado, M. 2006. Circannual identification and quantification of constitutive heat shock proteins (Hsp 70) in goats. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 9-12.

The constitutive expression of the heat shock protein-70 (Hsp 70) in goat lymphocytes was analyzed. Goats (n=30, five per breed, 25±3 mo., 33±3 kg) included the breeds Granadina (G), Nubian (N), Saanen (S), Toggenburg (T), Alpine (A) and Crosses (C; Saanen x Criollo). Data on body weight (BW) and condition (BCS), maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperatures and monthly thermal oscillations (Tmax-Tmin) were collected in March, June, September and December. Quantification of Hsp 70 considered total protein determination and characterization by SDS-PAGE, Hsp 70 immunodetection and quantification by optic densitometry. The highest(P<0.001) Hsp 70 expression occurred in June and December, concomitant to the highest environmental temperature and the greatest temperature oscillation, respectively. While the highest (P<0.001) Hsp 70 expression was depicted by the G, N, S and T breeds, A and C depicted the lowest Hsp 70 expression. The biological trend shown by the A and C breeds suggest important adaptation ability, since they depicted the highest BW, the best BCS, as well as the lowest constitutive Hsp 70 expression.

Key words: Goats, breeds, Hsp 70, environment.

Effects of Totally Intravenous Thiopental Anesthesia on Cardiopulmonary and Thermoregulatory System in Donkeys

M. R. Emami*, H. Seifi, Z. Tavakoli

Department of Clinical Sciences
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Mashhad 91775-1793, Iran

(Received February 14, 2005; accepted October 30, 2005)

Abstract

Emami, M.R., Seifi, H. and Tavakoli, Z. 2006. Effects of totally intravenous thiopental anesthesia on cardiopulmonary and thermoregulatory system in donkeys. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 13-16.

This study was conducted on five donkeys (Equus asinus) to investigate the effects of thiopental Total Intra-Venous Anesthesia (TIVA) approach on heart, respiration, blood gas and body temperature of the donkey. Atropine-acepromazine-xylazine premedicated donkeys were anesthetized with 5% solution of thiopental 7 mg/kg and maintained for 100 min with a thiopental solution (8 mg/kg BW in 500 ml normal saline). Heart and respiratory rates increased and temperature decreased at 10 min post anesthesia. P_aCO₂ and bicarbonate increased resulting in decreased pH after anesthesia. There were no marked ECG changes. Animals were in sternal recumbency for 66±6.52 min after interruption of anesthetic infusion. Thus thiopental TIVA appeared to produce good surgical anesthesia of long duration in donkeys but the recovery period was too long.

Keywords: Total intravenous anesthesia, thiopental, donkey.

Nutrient Content and in situ Disappearance in Genotypes of Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.)

R. Morales-Rodríguez¹, R.G. Ramírez^1*, G.J. García-Dessommes²,
H. González-Rodríguez³

¹Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas

²Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP)

³Facultad de Ciencias Forestales
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Departamento de Alimentos.
Apartado Postal, 142, Suc. F, Cd. Univesitaria, San Nicolás de los
Garza, N.L., 66450, México

(Received March 03, 2005; accepted December 2, 2005)

Abstract

Morales-Rodríguez, R., Ramírez, R. G., García-Dessommes, G. J. and González-Rodríguez, H. 2006. Nutrient content and in situ disappearance of genotypes of buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.). J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 17-22.

The aim of the study was to evaluate and to compare the dry matter production (DMP), chemical composition and in situ disappearance of dry matter (ISDDM), crude protein (ISDCP) and cell wall (ISDNDF) of 78 genotypes of buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) recently introduced to Mexico. In addition, mineral content and potential intake of minerals by cattle consuming these genotypes was determined. Grasses were collected at the end of the autumn. The DMP (1-6 ton ha^-1), crude protein (6-9%), ash (11-18%), cell wall (67-79%), cellulose (38-44%), hemicellulose (20-31%), lignin (4-9%), insoluble ash (2-6%), ISDDM (50-62 %), ISDCP (53-74%) and ISDNDF (46-62%) were significantly different among genotypes. With exception of one genotype all had sufficient protein to fulfill grazing growing cattle needs, whereas, digestible energy content of all grasses fulfilled the maintenance requirements of growing cattle. All grasses had Ca, Mg, K and Fe in sufficient amounts to meet maintenance requirements of a cow weighing 400 kg. However, P, Na and Cu in all grasses and Zn and Mn in some genotypes were lower. Because of their superior DMP and good nutritional quality, genotypes identified as PI409377, PI409472, PI409373, PI409155 and PI409529 may be considered with higher potential to be used as good rain fed forages for grazing cattle.

Key words: Dry matter production, in situ disappearance, chemical composition, Cenchrus ciliaris, genotypes.

Effect of Heat Stress on Incidence of Retained Placenta in Holstein Cows at Dry Hot Weather of Shiraz

M.R. Ahmadi, A. Mirzaei

Department of Clinical Sciences
School of Veterinary Medicine
Shiraz University
Shiraz, 71345-1731, Iran

(Received February 14, 2005; accepted January 6, 2006)

Abstract

Ahmadi, M.R. and Mirzaei, A. 2006. Effect of heat stress on incidence of retained placenta in Holstein cows at dry hot weather of Shiraz. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 23-24.

To study the heat stress effect on the incidence of retained placenta in dry and hot weather of Shiraz, five hundred and forty two Holstein cows were examined. The study revealed that incidence of retained placenta was 6.92, 18.3, 13.23 and 7.58% in spring, summer, fall and winter, respectively. The average temperature-humidity index (THI) was 73.2 in summer, indicating that the cows were under heat stress. It is concluded that heat stress increased the incidence of retained placenta in Holstein cows.

Key words: Retained placenta, heat stress, dry hot weather, cows.

Effect of Duration of Zilpaterol Hydrochloride Treatment on Carcass Characteristics and Weight Gain in Grazing Pelibuey Lambs

J. Salinas-Chavira^1*, M. Domínguez-Muñoz¹, R. Díaz-Martínez¹,
P. Cruz-Bautista¹, M.F. Montaño-Gómez², C. Arzola-Alvarez³

¹Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia
Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas
Apartado Postal 263, Carretera Cd. Victoria-Cd.
Mante km 6.5, Cd. Victoria, Tam. 87000, Mexico

²Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
J. Carrillo y Obregón
Col. Nueva, Mexicali, B.C. 21100, Mexico

³Facultad de Zootecnia
Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua
Apartado Postal 4-28
Km. 1, Periférico Francisco R. Almada
Chihuahua, Chih. 31031, México

(Received March 1, 2005; accepted September 22, 2005)

Abstract

Salinas-Chavira, J., Domínguez-Muñoz, M., Díaz-Martínez, R., Cruz-Bautista, P., Montaño-Gómez, M.F. and Arzola-Alvarez, C. 2006. Effect of duration of zilpaterol hydrochloride treatment on carcass characteristics and weight gain in grazing Pelibuey lambs. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 25-28.

The effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) supplementation on carcass characteristics and weight gain were studied in grazing Pelibuey lambs. Thirty-six intact male Pelibuey sheep, (21.42±3.32 kg) were kept in three paddocks with Angleton grass (Dichantium aristatum) and were fed a supplement (sorghum, soybean meal, urea, molasses, tallow and minerals) containing 21.76% crude protein and 2.77 Mcal/kg ME during 60 days feeding trial. Three paddocks formed the corresponding experimental groups: T1 (control), with no ZH in the supplement; T2 received 10 ppm ZH in supplement during the last 20 days of the trial and T3 received ZH during the last 30 days. The backfat was thinner (P<0.05) in both ZH groups than in the control group, measuring 0.28, 0.24 and 0.24 cm in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The Longissimus dorsi measured 6.53, 6.24 and 5.84 cm², respectively, and did not differ among dietary treatments. The average daily gain was also similar (P>0.05) among all experimental groups. It may be concluded that supplementation of zilpaterol hydrochloride during different intervals reduced the backfat cover in grazing Pelibuey sheep fed on supplemental concentrate.

Key words: Zilpaterol hydrochloride, lambs, carcass, weight gain, grazing.

Prediction of Body Weight from Body Size Measurements in Brown Swiss Feedlot Cattle Fed under Small-scale Farming Conditions

Y. Bozkurt^*

Department of Agriculture
Suleyman Demirel University
Isparta, 32260, Turkey

(Received February 18, 2005; accepted October 30, 2005)

Abstract

Bozkurt, Y. 2006. Prediction of body weight from body size measurements in brown swiss feedlot cattle fed under small-scale farming conditions. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 29-32.

To evaluate the use of some body measurements in predicting body weight of Brown Swiss cattle grown under small-scale farming conditions, relationships between body weight (BW) and body measurements such as heart girth (HG), wither height (WH), body length (BL), body depth (BD) and hip width (HW) were studied using data with 925 observations for each trait. HG was observed to be the best possible trait in predicting BW (R²=89.9%). Regressions showed that addition of quadratic and cubic terms contributed little benefit in predicting BW. All linear terms of all body measurements were significant. It is indicated that in management situations, where BW can not be measured, it can be predicted fairly accurately by measuring HG alone or with WH.

Key words: Prediction. body weight, body measurements, Brown Swiss cattle. beef production.

Comparative Evaluation of Suture Materials and Suture Techniques for the Management of Traumatic Teat Lesions in Buffaloes

Ramesh Tiwary, M. Hoque*, S.K. Maiti, G.R. Singh, N. Kumar

Division of Surgery
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Izatnagar-243 122, India

(Received April 12, 2005; accepted October 10, 2005)

Abstract

Tiwary, R., Hoque, M., Maiti, S.K., Singh, G.R. and Kumar, N. 2006. Comparative evaluation of suture materials and suture techniques for the management of traumatic teat lesions in buffaloes. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 33-36.

To evaluate two suture materials and techniques in teat surgery, sixteen buffaloes with teat lesions were divided into four equal groups. Internal suturing included single layer continuous lockstitch with catgut 3-0 (group A), single layer continuous lockstitch with polyglycolic acid (PGA) 3-0 (group B), double layer simple continuous with catgut 3-0 (group C) and double layer simple continuous with PGA 3-0 (group D). Double layer simple continuous suturing with PGA reported best results followed by double layer suturing with catgut. Suture line leakage and complications were more common with single layer lockstitch patterns. Double layer suturing of teat lesions with PGA and catgut provided functional recovery of the teat, however, PGA had an edge over catgut.

Key words: Buffalo, catgut, polyglycolic acid (PGA), teat surgery.

Effect of Melanin Extract from Black Cumin Seeds (Nigella sativa L.) on Humoral Antibody Response to Sheep Red Blood to Cells in Albino Rats

S.I. Al-Mufarrej, A.M. Hassib, M.F. Hussein

Department of Animal Production
College of Food Sciences and Agriculture

Department of Physics, College of Science
King Saud University
Riyadh 11451-2460, Saudi Arabia

(Received January 14, 2005; accepted September 20, 2005)

Abstract

Al-Mufarrej, S.I., Hassib, A.M. and Hussein, M.F. 2006. Effect of melanin extract from black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa L.) on humoral antibody response to sheep red blood cells in albino rats. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 37-41.

To study the effect of melanin extract from Nigella sativa on antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), fifty six albino rats were divided into four groups (A-D) of 7 males and 7 females each. Rats of groups A, B and C were immunized with 1 ml suspension of SRBC (25%) subcutaneously. Group A rats were also inoculated simultaneously with 1 ml suspension of N. sativa melanin extract (10 mg/ml), while those of group B were inoculated with 0.1 ml of Fruend's complete adjuvant. Groups C and D served as "immunized only" and "sham immunized" controls, respectively. The same immunizations were repeated four weeks later to investigate secondary immune responses. Significantly, higher and longer lasting antibody response to SRBC in group A than either group B or C was observed. This was evident both during the primary and secondary immunization and was generally more pronounced in female than male rats. Concurrent elevation of serum globulins and total protein occurred in all immunized groups. These findings indicate that melanin extracted from the seeds of N. sativa might have a stimulatory effect on the immune system, which could explain the popular belief of an association between these seeds and increased resistance to disease.

Key words: Nigella sativa, black cumin, herbal melanin, humoral immunity.

A Comparative Study of Estimation Methods for Parameters in Multiple Linear Regression Model

Soner Cankaya^1*, G. Tamer Kayaalp¹, Levent Sangun²,
Yalc2n Tahtali¹, Mustafa Akar²

¹Animal Science Department
²Department of Basic Science of Fisheries
Cukurova University
01330, Adana - Turkey

(Revised received August 8, 2005; accepted November 6, 2005)

Abstract

Cankaya, S., Kayaalp, G.T., Sangun, L., Tahtali, Y. and Akar, M. 2006. A comparative study of estimation methods for parameters in multiple linear regression model. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 43-47.

This paper investigated least squares method, non-parametric method and robust regression methods to predict the parameters of multiple regression models. To evaluate these methods, measurements of body weight, total length and fork length of fishes collected from Serranus cabrilla were used. In these regression models, body weight was dependent variable whereas total length and fork length were independent variables. The results show that non-parametric regression method, general additive model, has minimum R² value and least median squares has maximum R² value, 0.334 and 0.855, respectively.

Keywords: Least squares, least median squares, least trimmed squares, robust regression, non-parametric multiple linear regression, Serranus cabrilla.

A Dot-Enzyme Immunoassay for Large Scale Screening of Sera for Antibodies to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Goats

K. Rajukumar¹, B.N. Tripathi*, N.P. Kurade², N.S. Parihar

Division of Pathology
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Izatnagar-243 122, India

(Received April 12, 2005; accepted November 6, 2005)

Abstract

Rajukumar, K., Tripathi, B.N., Kurade, N.P. and Parihar, N.S. 2006. A dot-enzyme immunoassay for large scale screening of sera for antibodies to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in goats. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 49-52.

A simple and effective dot-enzyme immunoassay procedure for large scale screening of antibodies to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was evaluated using sequential sera from goats experimentally infected with M. a. paratuberculosis. Field evaluation of the test was carried out on 168 serum samples from three goat flocks. The diagnostic value of the dot-EIA was comparable to that of plate ELISA. The sensitivities and specificities for the dot-EIA were found to be 65.6% and 92.9% and for plate ELISA 78% and 89%, respectively. Significant differences were not found in the positive and negative predictive values of both tests. The test design is suitable for screening of sera for antibodies to M. a. paratuberculosis at the field level.

Keywords: Dot-EIA, Elisa, paratuberculosis, goats.

Ultrasonography as Aid for Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Zebu Cattle in a Natural Mating Programme

L.L. Galicia¹, K.S. Estrada², C.S. Galina^1*, G.E. Pérez²,
J.J. Romero, S.R. Molina³

¹Departamento de Reproducción
Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico

²Programa de Investigación en Medicina Poblacional
Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria
Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Costa Rica

³Departmento de Agronomía
Sede Regional Santa Clara
Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Costa Rica

(Received February 7, 2005; accepted September 10, 2005)

Abstract

Galicia, L.L., Estrada, K.S., Galina, C.S., Pérez, G.E., Romero, J.J. and Molina, S.R. 2006. Ultrasonography as aid for early pregnancy diagnosis in Zebu cattle in a natural mating programme. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 53-58.

To utilise ultrasonography in Zebu cattle to test early pregnancy, multiparous Bos indicus cows (n=74) were allocated with 2 mature Brahman bulls, which were replaced with new ones every four weeks. Cows were bled for radioimmunoassay progesterone analysis at the time of ultrasound and four days prior or after this event. The efficiency of the ultrasound findings and progesterone levels were compared with Kappa index using the computer programme (WIN) EPISCOPE. Ultrasound precision for early pregnancy diagnosis was 96%. Moreover, animals not clearly defined as pregnant, following examination revealed that only 54% were actually pregnant. The efficiency to detect the lack of ovarian activity was only 25% as revealed by progesterone concentrations lower than 1ng/ml. In contrast, the association between a detectable CL by ultrasound and progesterone values higher than 1ng/ml was 90%. The incidence of embryonic death was 15.4%. Based on these results the efficacy for detecting early pregnancy by ultrasound and the presence of an active CL is satisfactory, whereas the precision to detect non-cycling animal is questionable and the incidence of embryonic death is high.

Key words: Pregnancy diagnosis, Bos indicus, cattle, ultrasonography.

Methodology for Raising High Parasitaemic Babesia bigemina Infection in Donor Bovine Calves

R. Ravindran, A.K. Mishra, J.R. Rao*

Division of Parasitology
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Izatnagar- 243 122, India

(Received June 30, 2005; accepted December 10, 2005)

Abstract

Ravindran, R., Mishra, A.K. and Rao, J.R. 2006. Methodology for raising high parasitaemic Babesia bigemina infection in donor bovine calves. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 59-60.

For obtaining large number of piroplasms required for various laboratory tests a new method has been developed. Healthy bovine calves were experimentally infected with Babesia bigemina. After confirming infection, spleen was removed. On day 6 post splenectomy, dexamethasone was administered for 5 days for immunosuppression. This resulted in a parasitaema as high as 35 per cent. This method has been found to be superior to OIE (2000) recommended protocol.

Key words: Babesia bigemina, parasitaemia.

Efficiency Analysis of Dairy Farms in the Province of Izmir (Turkey) : Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

M. Candemir, N. Koyubenbe

Ege University ÖdemiÕ Vocational School
Department of Agricultural Economics
35756 ÖdemiÕ, ¤zmir-Turkey

(Received March 3, 2005; accepted October 31, 2005)

Abstract

Candemir, M. and Koyubenbe, N. 2006. Efficiency analysis of dairy farms in the province of Izmir (Turkey): data envelopment analysis (DEA). J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 61-64.

The production efficiency of dairy farms based on cross section data of 2003 covering 80 farms chosen by the method of proportional sampling, was determined by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) using three outputs and seven inputs. Fortynine percent of the dairy farms appeared to be fully efficient according to the assumption of constant return to scale (CRS). The average efficiency indices obtained under CRS and variable return to scale (VRS) were 0.934 and 0.954, respectively. Mean scale efficiency, on the other hand, was 0.978. Out of the selected dairy farms 21.2% were observed to be efficient in measuring the efficiency of single output milk production. Average efficiency indices under CRS and VRS and scale efficiency index were measured to be 0.782, 0.832 and 0.938, respectively. This information will contribute to extensive dairy farm projects to be carried out in future.

Keywords: Data envelopment analysis, technical efficiency, dairy farms.

Morphological Alterations of the Small Intestine Mucosa Following Oral Administration of Cadmium in Broiler Chickens

M. Teshfam¹, M.J. Gharagozlou², J. Salaramoli¹, H. Hassanpour¹

¹Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology

²Department of Pathobiology
Section of Pathology

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran

Tehran 14155 - 6453, Iran

(Revised received December 7, 2005; accepted January 15, 2006)

Abstract

Teshfam, M., Gharagozlou, M.J., Salaramoli, J. and Hassanpour, H. 2006. Morphological alterations of the small intestine mucosa following oral administration of cadmium in broiler chickens. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 65-68.

To assess the effect of cadmium (Cd) in feed, one hundred day-old male Ross breed broilers were purchased and divided into four groups randomly. Group one (C) had no Cd, whereas, those of groups 2, 3 and 4 had similar rations containing 5, 50 and 100 ppm cadmium as CdCl₂, respectively. At 49 days, all chicks were sacrificed and intestines examined. Cd supplementation caused reduction in leaf like villi and increase in convoluted villi. Villus width and crypt depth had decreased on Cd supplementation. A reduction in body weight of birds given 50 or 100 ppm Cd could have been a result of altered intestinal mucosa.

Keywords: Cadmium, intestine, villus, morphology, chicken.

Utilization of Canola Meal With or Without Phytase Enzyme in Broiler Diets

B. Zehra Sar2çiçek*, Sabri Serdar

Department of Animal Science
Faculty of Agriculture
The University of Ondokuzmay2s
55139 Kurupelit/Samsun, Turkey

(Received July 15, 2005; accepted December 26, 2005)

Abstract

Zehra Sar2çiçek, B. and Serdar, S. 2006. Utilization of canola meal with or without phytase enzyme in broiler diets. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 69-72.

To determine the possibility of using canola meal (CM) in place of soybean meal with or without phytase enzyme, 870 one week-old mixed Ross-308 broiler chicks were equally divided into 10 groups and fed on diet in which canola meal (37% CP) replaced 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of CP supplied by soybean meal (44% CP). Highest weight gain and feed intake were observd in 25% CM group with the best feed efficeincy. Hundred percent CM fed birds performed the worst in respect of weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics. Phytase supplementation positively affected weight gain only. It is recommended that CM can replace 25% of soybean meal on equi-protein basis in broiler diets.

Keywords: Broiler, soybean meal, canola meal, phytase enzyme, performance, carcass traits.

Instillation of Hypertonic Glucose into Gall Bladder of Rabbit : Does it Induce Sclerosing Cholangitis?

S.V. Hosseini^1*, G.R. Motazedian¹, D. Mehrabani², P.V. Kumar³, M.H. Bagheri⁴, N. Tanideh⁵, H. Yarmohammadi¹, S.M. Sadjadi⁶

¹Department of Surgery

²Gastroenterohepatology Research Centre
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute

³Department of Pathology

⁴Department of Radiology

⁵Department of Pharmacology
Laboratory Animal Research Centre

⁶Department of Parasitology and Mycology

School of Medicine
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Shiraz 71345-1744, Iran

(Received May 2, 2005; accepted January 6, 2006)

Abstract

Hosseini, S.V., Motazedian, G.R., Mehrabani, D., Kumar, P.V., Bagheri, M.H., Tanideh, N., Yarmohammadi, H. and Sadjadi, S.M. 2006. Instillation of hypertonic glucose into gall bladder of rabbit : Does it induce sclerosing cholangitis? J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 73-76.

To study the effect of hypertonic glucose in induction of sclerosing cholangitis, glucose 10%, 15%, 25% and 50% were injected transhepatically into the gall bladder of 4 equal groups of 12 Dutch rabbits. Normal saline was similarly injected as group 5 (control group). Porta-hepatis was clamped for 5 minutes. Macroscopically and microscopically, the livers were normal without any bile stasis, fibrosis or nodular formation after 5 months of glucose injection. There was no sign of sclerosing cholangitis or cirrhosis. It is concluded that hypertonic glucose developed no sclerosing cholangitis or hepatic damage and is a safe scolicidal agent.

Key words: Hypertonic glucose, sclerosing cholangitis, rabbit.

Changes in Blood Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) after Physical Pollution

Hasan Cakici¹, Seyit Aydin²

¹Laboratory of Medicine

Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University
17100 Çanakkale, Turkey

²Kastamonu Education Faculty

Gazi University

37100 Kastamonu, Turkey

(Revised received September 30, 2005; accepted October 15, 2005)

Abstract

Cakici, H. and Aydin, S. 2006. Changes in blood parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) after physical pollution. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 77-80.

This study was designed to investigate changes in the blood parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) immediately after physical pollution caused by flooding via mud and clay. Levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, triglyceride, cholesterol and bicarbonate in blood after flooding were significantly less than before flooding. Erythrocyte count, serum alkaline phosphatase, glutamate oxalacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glucose, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, phosphorus, carbon dioxide pressure, arterial CO₂ tension values of fish after flooding were significantly greater than that of fish before flooding.

Key words: Rainbow trout, health, environment, flooding, hematology, serum biochemistry, metabolite, electrolyte, blood gases.