Effect of Chicken Anemia and Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccines and Marek's Disease Virus on the Development of Cellulitis and Myositis Lesions in Floor-Reared MHC-Defined Broiler Chickens

Chengming Wang^1*, Robert A. Norton², Kenneth S. Macklin², James T. Krehling¹

¹Department of Pathobiology, ²Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University
Auburn, AL 36849, USA

Abstract

Wang, C., Norton, R.A., Macklin, K.S. and Krehling, J.T. 2005. Effect of chicken anemia and infectious bursal disease vaccines and Marek's disease virus on the development of cellulitis and myositis lesions in floor-reared MHC-defined broiler chickens. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 27: 1-5.

In this experiment, 414 chickens were reared in a house in which the previous flock had experienced Marek's disease. Each bird was given 10 doses of infectious bursal disease vaccine on day 11 and on day 19 half of the chickens in every other pen were vaccinated with 2 doses of chicken anemia virus vaccine. All birds were bled on day 23 for MHC haplotype stereotyping. Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium septicum and Staphylococcus aureus were used to challenge the birds on day 29 which were then killed one week after challenge. Statistical analysis showed the percentage of cellulitis in the CAV vaccinated group and NON-CAV vaccinated group was of the same level, while the percentage of myositis occurring in the CAV vaccinated group was significantly higher than that which occurred in the chickens of NON-CAV vaccinated group. Chickens with MHC haplotype of B^A9/B^A9 experienced significantly lower levels of cellulitis than did chickens of B²¹/B²¹ haplotype. For both the MHC haplotypes, chickens in the CAV vaccinated groups were more resistant than the chickens of NON-CAV vaccinated group to the development of cellulitis.

Keywords: Avian cellulitis, myositis, infectious bursal disease, chicken anemia, Marek's disease virus.

Effect of Exogenous Amylase or Glucoamylase Dose on in situ Ruminal Digestion of Corn and Sorghum

C. Gutiérrez^a, G.D. Mendoza^a,b*, R. Ricalde^b, L.M. Melgoza^b, F. Plata^b

^a*Colegio de Postgraduados Programa de Ganadería Montecillo México, Km 36.5 Carr. México-Texcoco Edo. de México, 56230, México ^bUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco 04960. México D.F.

Abstract

Gutiérrez, C., Mendoza, G.D., Ricalde, R., Melgoza, L.M. and Plata, F. 2005. Effect of exogenous amylase or glucoamylase dose on in situ ruminal digestion of corn and sorghum. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 27: 7-10.

Several processes have been developed to increase ruminal digestion of grains. Treatment of grains with exogenous amylase from Bacillus licheniformis and with glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger has increased ruminal digestion. An in situ assay was conducted to determine the effects of the dose of exogenous amylolytic enzymes on in situ ruminal digestibility (12 h incubation) of corn and sorghum. A complete generalized randomized block design was used, with incubations as blocking criteria. In situ dry matter digestion was increased (P<0.05) with enzyme additions (57.5% control; glucoamylase 75.8%; amylase 82.9%), showing a linear and quadratic effect (P<0.05) of enzyme doses on grain DM digestion. It was concluded that both amylolytic thermostable enzymes have the potential as a feed additive to improve ruminal digestibility of corn and sorghum.

Keywords: Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, corn, sorghum, enzymes.

Estimation of Genetic Distance Between Bhadawari and Murrah Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) Using Band Sharing Frequency

H.W. Saifi, Bharat Bhushan*, Sanjeev Kumar**, Pushpendra Kumar,
B.N. Patra, Arjava Sharma

Animal Genetics Division
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Izatnagar-243 122, India

Abstract

Saifi, H. W., Bhushan, B., Kumar, S., Kumar, P., Patra, B. N. and Sharma, A. 2005. Estimation of genetic distance between Bhadawari and Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) using band sharing frequency. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 27: 11-15.

RAPD-PCR analysis was conducted on Bhadawari and Murrah breeds of buffaloes using 18 random primers out of which 11 primers yielded distinct RAPD profiles. Primers OPA01, OPG05, OPA14 and BG15 generated relatively higher band sharing frequency (BSF) ranges from 0.553 to 1.00 within and between two breeds. The BSF pooled over 11 primers were 0.724±0.049 within Bhadawari and 0.675±0.048 within Murrah breeds, whereas it was 0.566±0.045 between the two breeds. Primer OPA04 showed highest (0.720) genetic distance (D) between these two breeds. The overall genetic distance (0.219±0.071) based on BSF indicated lower degree of genetic divergence between Bhadawari and Murrah. It may be concluded that the overall genetic distance, based on BSF indicated the lower degree of genetic divergence between Bhadawari and Murrah buffaloes.

Key words: BSF, Genetic distance, RAPD, Bhadawari, Murrah, buffalo.

Effect of Foeniculum vulgare Organic Extract on Blood Sex Hormones and Reproductive Tissues of Male Rats

F. Dehghani¹, M.R. Panjehshahin^2*, Z. Mirzaee³, D. Mehrabani⁴

¹Department of Anatomy, ²Department of Pharmacology,
School of Medicine ³School of Pharmacy ⁴Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz 71345-1853, Iran

Abstract

Dehghani, F., Panjehshahin, M.R., Mirzaee, Z. and Mehrabani, D. 2005. Effect of Foeniculum vulgare organic extract on blood sex hormones and reproductive tissues of male rats. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 27: 17-20.

To determine the effect of F. vulgare on reproductive system in male rats, forty male Sprague-Drawly rats were randomly placed in 4 equal groups. The control group received water and the remaining groups received 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg of organic extract of F. vulgare for 30 days. The animals were bled before and after medications and the blood estrogen and testosterone levels were recorded. On day 30, the rats were sacrificed and dissected for histopathological study. Increase in the dose of F. vulgare administered to male rats resulted in a significant increase in estradiol and decrease in testosterone serum levels. Spermatocyte change from spherical to fussy form shape was visible in seminiferous tubules. Many nuclei in these cells were in metaphase stage. In higher doses of F. vulgare, hyalinizations of the tubules were also observed. It appears that F. vulgare can induce inhibitory effects on spermatogenic lineage in male rats.

Keywords: F. vulgare, male rat, reproductive tissue.

Reproductive Performance of Merino-Rambouillet Prepubertal Ewes under Highland Sub-Tropical Conditions
I. Timing of the Breeding and Anestrous Seasons

G. Martínez¹, J. Urrutia¹, L. Martínez², C.A. Meza-Herrera^1,3

¹Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, México ²Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, México ³Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Aridas, México

Abstract

Martínez, G., Urrutia, J., Martínez, L. and Meza-Herrera, C.A. 2005. Reproductive performance of Merino-Rambouillet prepubertal ewes under highland sub-tropical conditions. I. Timing of the breeding and anestrous seasons. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 27: 21-24.

To characterize the ovarian activity in prepubertal Merino-Rambouillet ewes under highland production systems in central Mexico (19° 17' NL) blood samples were collected from 20 prepubertal ewes (40.8±5.5 kg, 20 mo, stall-fed) twice per week for 12 months for serum progesterone (P4) concentration by RIA. The highest ovarian activity among all ewes was observed from July to December. The anestrous season was from March to May and the remaining being transition periods. Merino-Rambouillet maiden ewes under sub-tropical and highland conditions depicted an increased ovarian activity between June and December, with a non-profound anestrous period from March to May.

Key words: Sheep, Merino-Rambouillet, subtropics, seasonality, ovarian activity.

Reproductive Performance of Merino Rambouillet Prepubertal Ewes Under Highland Sub-Tropical Conditions II. Male Stimulation of Seasonal Anestrous

G. Martínez¹, J. Urrutia¹, L. Martínez², C.A. Meza-Herrera^1,3

¹Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, México ²Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, México ³Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Áridas Bermejillo, Durango, México

Abstract

Martínez, G., Urrutia, J., Martínez, L. and Meza-Herrera, C.A. 2005. Reproductive performance of Merino-Rambouillet prepubertal ewes under highland sub-tropical conditions. II. Male stimulation of seasonal anestrous. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 27: 25-28.

To examine the response of the male stimulus upon the out-of-season (February to June) ovarian activity of prepubertal Merino Rambouillet ewes under highland sub-tropical conditions, (19° NL), a total of 155 ewes (35.3±3.7 kg, 2.4±0.5 body condition score, 22 mo) were randomly assigned to one of eight experimental breeding periods (EBP). The ram introduction dates were February 5th, February 23rd, March 12th, March 30th, April 16th, May 4th, May 21st, and June 8th. Serum progesterone (P4) concentrations were quantified by RIA from samples collected every three days during a period of 17 d prior to and 17 d after ram exposure. A total of 16 ewes depicted ovulatory activity prior to ram exposure. On average, 63% of the male exposed ewes depicted ovulatory response during the whole experimental period. Ewes from the EBP of April 16th, May 4th, May 21st and June 8th, besides an increased response to the male stimulus (53, 90, 79 and 85%), also depicted the largest fertility rates with corresponding percentage values of 40, 78, 67 and 82. Improving the reproductive efficiency by scheduling earlier breeding programs by means of the ram effect could be of economic significance.

Key words: Sheep, Merino Rambouillet, anovular, anestrus, male effect.

Polymorphism of Growth Hormone Gene and its Association with Expected Milk Production Traits in Dairy Bulls

Aruna Pal¹, A.K. Chakravarty, T.K. Bhattacharya¹, Arjava Sharma¹

Dairy Cattle Breeding Division
National Dairy Research Institute
Karnal-132 001, India

Abstract

Pal, A., Chakravarty, A.K., Bhattacharya, T.K. and Sharma, A. 2005. Polymorphism of growth hormone gene and its association with expected milk production traits in dairy bulls. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 27:
29-33.

To explore polymorphism in 4th exon, 4th intron and 5th exon of growth hormone gene in Karan Fries (KF) cattle and Murrah buffalo bulls and its association with expected milk producing ability, a 428 bp fragment was amplified and digested with Alu I restriction enzyme. Two alleles L and V corresponding to leucine and valine variant of growth hormone polypeptide and thus two genotypes LL and LV were identified in Karan Fries bulls, whereas only LL genotype was observed in Murrah bulls. Karan Fries bulls with LL genotype were found to have higher (P£0.01) expected predicted difference with respect to milk production traits as compared to the LV heterozygotes.

Key words: Buffalo, cattle, expected predicted difference, growth hormone gene, milk production, PCR-RFLP.

Growth Performance of Brown Swiss Calves Fed Early and Late Cut Hay from Meadow Fertilized by Two Levels of N and P₂O₅

Binali Comakli¹, Mete Yanar^*2, Naci Tuzemen², Mustafa Tan¹,
Leyla Turgut², Ömer Mentese³

¹Department of Agronomy ²Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture, Atatürk University Erzurum, Turkey ³The Eastern Anatolian Research Institute
Erzurum, Turkey

Abstract

Comakli, B., Yanar, M., Tuzemen, N., Tan, M., Turgut, L. and Mentese, Ö. 2005. Growth performance of Brown Swiss, calves fed early and late cut hay from meadow fertilized by two levels of N and P₂O₅. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 27: 35-38.

To determine effects of rations mainly formed by early or late-bloom cut hay from meadows fertilized by N and P₂O₅ or not fertilized, on the growth performance, 20 female Brown Swiss calves (6-12 m) were fed for 129 days. Average daily weight gain, feed per unit weight gain and total intake of meadow hay were better for hay from meadows fertilized with N and P₂O₅ as compared to hay from not fertilized meadow. Similarly these parameters were better for calves fed early bloom hay than for calves fed late bloom hay. Application of N and P₂O₅ fertilizers and early cutting stage for meadow hay is suggested for providing better growth performance and feed efficiency traits of the Brown Swiss calves.

Keywords: Brown Swiss, calves, average daily gains, fertilization, cutting stage.

Effects of Rearing Period and Grafting Method on the Queen Bee Rearing

F. Genc, B. Emsen¹, A. Dodologlu

Department of Animal Science
Ataturk University
25240 Erzurum-Turkey

Abstract

Genc, F., Emsen, B. and Dodologlu, A. 2005. Effects of rearing period and grafting method on the queen bee rearing. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 27: 45-48.

The effect of three grafting methods, addition of royal jelly (A), dry grafting (B) and grafting with addition of water (C) and three months of summer in June , July and August, on queen bee rearing were investigated. The highest larvae acceptance rates were observed by dry grafting in July and grafting with addition of royal jelly in July and August. The height of queen cell was highest by the use of royal jelly in June and August. The shortest pre-oviposition period was observed by addition of royal jelly in July and by other two methods in June, July. Mating rate, number of spermatozoa, spermatheca diameter and emergence queen weight were not affected by treatments. More studies are suggested before any definite recommendation could be made.

Key words: Honey bee (Apis mellifera), queen rearing, characteristics of queen, grafting method.

Effect of Storage Time and Processing Temperature of Grains with Added Amylolytic Enzymes on In situ Ruminal Starch Digestion

C. Gutiérrez^a, G.D. Mendoza^a,b, J.M. Pinos-Rodríguez^c, R. Ricalde^b,
E. Aranda^a, L.A. Miranda^d

^aColegio de Postgraduados. Programa de Ganadería Montecillo México, Km 36.5 Carr. México-Texcoco, Edo. de México, 56230. México ^bUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, 04960. México D.F. ^cInstituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Altair 200 Fracc. del Llano. San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. 78377. México ^dUniversidad Autónoma Chapingo. Chapingo, Edo. de México. 56230. México

Abstract

Gutiérrez, C., Mendoza, G.D., Pinos-Rodríguez, J.M., Ricalde, R., Aranda, E. and Miranda, L.A. 2005. Effect of storage time and processing temperature of grains with added amylolytic enzymes on in situ ruminal starch digestion. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 27: 39-44.

Amylolytic exogenous enzymes may increase ruminal digestion of grains. However, stability of enzymes during feed processing can be a constraint for its utilization. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of B. licheniformis amylase and A. niger glucoamylase, according to time of storage after treatment and duration of exposition at 100 C, using corn and sorghum and its effect on in situ ruminal digestibility (12 h incubation) of dry matter and starch. A generalized randomized complete block design was used in the assays, using the block x treatment interaction as the error term. Ruminal starch digestibility (%) was not affected by either time (1, 4, 7, 15 and 30 days) of aspersion before incubation or by the time (0.5, 3, 5, 10 and 15 min) of enzyme exposition at 100 C. It was concluded that both amylolytic thermostable enzymes have the potential as a feed additive to improve ruminal digestibility of corn and sorghum, and are stable at low humidity conditions, which may facilitate its incorporation with grains during feed processing.

Key words: Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, corn, sorghum, enzymes.

Incidence of Sclerosing Cholangitis Induced by Silver Nitrate in Rabbit

S.V. Hosseini^*, P.V. Kumar¹, M.H. Bagheri², A. Izadpanah, A.A. Mohammadi, H. Yarmohammadi, D. Mehrabani³

Department of Surgery, Nemazee Hospital, ¹Department of Pathology, Faghihi Hospital, ²Department of Radiology, Nemazee Hospital, ³Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz 71345-1853, Iran

Abstract

Hosseini, S.V., Kumar, P.V., Bagheri, M.H., Izadpanah, A., Mohammadi, A.A., Yarmohammadi, H. and Mehrabani, D. 2005. Incidence of sclerosing cholangitis induced by silver nitrate in rabbit. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 27: 49-53.

One of the most serious complications after evacuation of hydatid cyst from liver and instillation of scolicidal agents, is sclerosing cholangitis (SC), most probably caused by scholicidal agents instilled. A triple-blind randomized study was undertaken by injection of 5% hypertonic saline and 0.5% silver nitrate trans-hepatically into the gall bladder of two equal groups of 15 Dutch rabbits. The animals were sacrificed after four months, their livers were biopsied and cholangiography was performed. Thirty per cent of the rabbits in hypertonic saline group and 80% of silver nitrate group had developed SC. The prevalence and the severity of pathological findings of SC were significantly higher in silver nitrate group compared to hypertonic saline group. Therefore, the intra-cystic injection of 0.5% silver nitrate and 5% hypertonic saline solution should be avoided.

Keywords: Hydatid cyst, sclerosing cholangitis, silver nitrate, hypertonic saline, rabbit.

Prevention of Epinephrine-induced Arrhythmias with Lidocaine during Thiopental and Methoxyflurane Anesthesia in Sheep

M. Edjtehadi¹, D. Mehrabani²

¹Department of Pharmacology, Medical School
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Shiraz 71345-1156, Iran

²Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute
Organ Transplantation Research Centre
Shiraz 71345-1744, Iran

Abstract

Edjtehadi, M. and Mehrabani, D. 2005. Prevention of epinephrine-induced arrhythmias with lidocaine during thiopental and methoxy flurane anesthesia in sheep. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 27: 55-59.

The present experiment was designed to evaluate efficacy of lidocaine for prevention of epinephrine induced arrhythmias in sheep. The results indicated that lidocaine alone could prevent these arrhythmias in non-anesthetized and thiopental and methoxyflurane anesthetized animals. The results from electrocardiogram parameters indicated that lidocaine could not prevent the decrease in P wave, PR, QT, ST intervals and an increase in T amplitude induced with epinephrine in such animals. Nevertheless, T amplitude in all groups increased significantly more than control value. In conclusion, we suggest that lidocaine could be safely used clinically to prevent the lethal arrhythmias, due to catecholamine-anesthetic interaction, in non-anesthetized and thiopental and methoxyflurane anesthetized animals.

Keywords: Sheep, electrocardiogram, epinephrine, arrhythmia, lidocaine, sodium thiopental, methoxyflurane, anesthesia.

Albinism in an Anatolian Buffalo Calf

Omer Coban, Ahmet Yildiz

Department of Animal Science
College of Veterinary Science
Ataturk University 25700, Ilica, Erzurum, Turkey

Abstract

Coban, O. and Yildiz, A. 2004. Albinism in an anatolian buffalo calf. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 27: 61-62.

Complete albinism occured in an Anatolian buffalo female calf. She was completely albinotic at birth with white hair and no pigment anywhere. The eyes had no pigment and irises appeared pink. She exhibited photophobia and blepharospasm in light and outdoors.

Key words: Anatolian buffalo, albinism.

Urethral Extension and Caslick's Surgery for Infertility Treatment in Pneumovagina Cases with Sunken Anus in Holstein Cows

K. Sardari*, N. Farzaneh**, A. Alavi Tabatabaee***

*Department of Surgery, **Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad 91775-1793, Iran ***Department of Veterinary Medicine Azad University Bojnord, Iran

Abstract

Sardari, K., Farzaneh, N. and Tabatabaee, A. Alavi. 2005. Urethral extension and Caslick's surgery for infertility treatment in pneumovagina cases with sunken anus in Holstein cows. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 27: 63-64.

The study was conducted on 9 Holstein cows (7-9 years) with penumovagina, various degrees of sunken anus but no clinical urovagina. After Caslick's surgery these remained infertile for atleast 3 attempts of artificial insemination under regular oestrus cycles. Urethral extension along with another Caslick's surgery was performed on all cows. All of these became pregnant after first service post surgery. It is concluded that for treatment of pneumovagina, urethral extension should be performed along with Caslick's surgery.

Key words: Caslick's surgery, urethral extension, pneumovagina, urovagina.