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Journal of Applied Animal Research |
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Vol. 33 No. 2 June, 2008 |
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(Abstracted/indexed in
AGRIS Database, Biosis Database, CAB Abstracts,Chemical Abstracts, CURRENT
CONTENTS (AB and ES), Food Science and Technology Abstracts, Indian Science
Abstracts, RESEARCH ALERT, SCISEARCH) |
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TOPIC |
AUTHOR |
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Effect of sunn hemp seed inclusion in
broiler starter diets on live performance attributes |
J.B. Hess and J.A. Mosjidis (USA) |
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Dietary quality and safety in the
reuse of broiler litter as a feed ingredient through fermentation and
pelleting |
T. Suppadit , K. Parukatpichai and N. Talakhun (Thailand) |
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The acceptability of goat milk to
young Japanese adults |
Takeyuki Ozawa, Jiro Nishitani (Japan), Nicolas
Lopez-Villalobos and Hugh Blair (New Zealand) |
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Simple multiplex PCR for rapid diagnosis of sex of ducks and
duck embryos |
Santosh Haunshi, S.C. Saxena, A. Pattanayak, S.
Bandyopadhaya, A.K. Tyagi and K. M. Bujarbaruah (India) |
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Effect of antagonistic minerals (Fe, S and Zn) on absorption
and metabolism of Cu by sheep fed poultry waste |
A.F. Castellanos-Ruelas, J.A. Pacheco-Aguirre, M.L.
Murguía-Olmedo, J.G. Rosado-Rubio, D.A. Betancur-Ancona and L.A. Chel-Guerrero
(Mexico) |
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Litter beetle (Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer) counts
in broiler houses treated with a range of insecticides |
J.B. Hess, K.S. Macklin and B.A. McCrea (USA) |
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Responses to sweetener quinine mixtures in chicks:
short-term fluid intake test |
H. Furuta, T. Izumi, K. Dodo, K. Yahata, S. Nishimoto and T.
Bungo (Japan) |
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Estimation of endogenous nitrogen and amino acids flow at
the duodenum and ileum in growing goats fed on different NDF level diets |
C.S. Zhou, H.L. Jiang, Z.L. Tan, X.G. Zhao, Z.H. Sun, S.X.
Tang and M. Wang (China) |
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Determination of genetic distance between East Anatolian
Red, Brown Swiss, Holstein and Simmental breeds of cattle using polymorphic
systems |
U. Dogru, M. Ozdemir, M.I. Soysal and M. Topal (Turkey) |
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A new method of brain staining with triphenyltetrazolium
chloride to determine the infarct size in rats |
E. Kheradpezhouh, R. Miri, A. Noorafshan, M.R. Panjehshahin
and D. Mehrabani (Iran) |
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Dry matter and nitrogen degradation parameters of tropical
tree foliages eaten by West African dwarf sheep |
I. Ikhimioya, A.O. Isah, K.O. Akhidenor and E. Otite
(Nigeria) |
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Genetic diversity in river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) breeds
of central India using heterologous bovine microsatellite markers |
B.P. Mishra, R.S. Kataria, S.S. Bulandi, V. Kumar and M.
Mukesh (India) |
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A nonlinear regression model for growth |
S. Prasad, R.K. Singh and R. Singh (India) |
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Effect of dietary crude protein level on quality and
production of meat in Holstein steers |
A. Pasinato, J. Elizalde, O. Tisocco, G. Teira, F. Perlo and
P. Bonato (Argentina) |
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Egg production and quality in laying hens fed on different
digestible amino acid regimes and housed at three stocking densities |
B. Vázquez-González, L. Sarmiento-Franco, R. Santos-Ricalde,
M. Carvajal-Hernández, J. Segura-Correa, M. Gutiérrez-Triay (Mexico) |
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Foetal monitoring, uterine dynamics and reproductive
performance in spontaneous farrowings in sows |
A. Olmos-Hernández, M.E. Trujillo-Ortega, M. Alonso-Spilsbury,
P. Sánchez-Aparicio, R. Ramírez-Necoechea and D. Mota-Rojas (Mexico) |
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Effects of feeding phytogenic substances and phytase on
growth perfomrnace and nutrient digestibility of young broilers |
T.C. Loh, H.G. Ling, N.T. Thanh, H.L. Foo, M.A. Rajion and
S.I. David (Malaysia) |
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Mechanistic model evaluation of tree species and cactae
commonly consumed by grazing goats |
L. Vargas-Villamil, A.S. Juárez-Reyes, J. Ku-Vera, E. Ávila-Vales,
F. Vargas-Villamil, S. Medina-Peralta and M.A. Cerrillo-Soto (Mexico) |
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Gestation duration and rectal temperature changes during peripartum period in dogs |
A.K.
Zonturlu, O.A. Aksoy and C. Kacar (Turkey) |
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Laparoscopy for direct examination of internal organs in
small animals |
S.K. Maiti, A. Dutta, P. Ajith, N. Kumar, A.K. Sharma and
G.R. Singh (India) |
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Molecular variability
of somatotropin releasing hormone (SRH) gene in Mithun (Bos frontalis) |
S. Kumar, R.P. Manohar V, S.M. Deb, A. Mitra, B. John, A.
Sharma and K.M. Bujarbaruah (India) |
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Effect of Sunn
Hemp Seed Inclusion in Broiler Starter Diets on Live Performance
Attributes
J.B. Hess1, J.A. Mosjidis2
1Poultry
Science Department
2Department
of Agronomy and Soils
Auburn University
AL 36849-5416, USA
(Received June 21, 2007; accepted January 23, 2008)
Abstract
Hess, J.B. and
Mosjidis, J.A. 2008. Effect of sunn hemp seed inclusion in broiler starter
diets on live
performance
attributes. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 33: 105-108.
This trial
examined live performance responses of mixed-sex broilers raised to 21 d of
age in two trials to determine whether sunn hemp seeds of a breeding
population containing 2.5% of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids present in showy
crotalaria were detrimental to young broilers. In each trial, the birds were
housed in Petersime battery brooders with eight replicates per treatment (a
total of 240 birds per trial). In trial 1, mash starter feed was fed to 21 d
with or without whole sunn hemp seed. Treatments included a control, a
contamination level (0.5% sunn hemp seed) and an ingredient inclusion level
(5% sunn hemp seed). In the second trial, ground sunn hemp was included in
starter feeds at 0.5% and 2% in addition to a control. Body weights and feed
consumption were reduced in birds fed 5% or 2% sunn hemp (with poorer FCR),
but not in birds fed 0.5% as compared to the control. No significant
mortality differences were measured between treatments and no unusual
pathologies were noted in the birds during posting. Low level feed
contamination with sunn hemp did not measurably reduce broiler live
performance during the starter period.
Key words:
Sunn hemp, crotalaria, broiler, poultry.
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Dietary Quality and Safety in the
Reuse of Broiler Litter as a Feed Ingredient
through Fermentation and Pelleting
T. Suppadit* , K. Parukatpichai1, N. Talakhun2
The Graduate
Program in Environmental Management
School of Social
and Environmental Development
National Institute
of Development Administration
Bangkapi, Bangkok
10240, Thailand
(Received June 8, 2007; accepted January 25, 2008)
Abstract
Suppadit, T., Parukatpichai, K. and Talakhun, N. 2008.
Dietary quality and safety in the reuse of broiler litter as a feed
ingredient through fermentation and pelleting. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 33:
109-112.
To modify broiler litter (BL) by fermentation and/or
pelleting as a feed ingredient, BL samples were collected from twenty
randomly selected farms in Saraburi province, Thailand in December, 2006.
All the farms used rice husks as the bedding materials. Prior to and after
the modifications, the nutritive values and health risks were assessed.
After fermentation, most of the nutrient contents tended to decrease
(P<0.05). By contrast, moisture and gross energy content increased (P<0.05).
Pelleting did not alter the nutrient content of the BL. Parasites,
aflatoxins and antibiotics were not found in any BL samples. Pathogenic
microorganisms, heavy metals and sodium chloride were detected in all
samples. All pathogens and heavy metals decreased after processing. In
conclusion, fermentation followed by pelleting could eliminate health risks
and increase the potential scope for utilizing BL as an animal feed.
Key words:
Broiler litter, diet, fermentation, nutritive value, pelleting,
safety.
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The Acceptability of Goat Milk to
Young Japanese Adults
Takeyuki Ozawa1, Jiro Nishitani1,
Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos2, Hugh Blair2
1Faculty
of Animal Science
Nippon Veterinary
and Life Science University,
1-7-1 Kyonan-cho,
Musashino-shi
Tokyo, 180-8602
Japan
2Institute
of Veterinary
Animal and
Biomedical Sciences
Massey University,
Palmerston North
New Zealand
(Received August 14, 2007; accepted February 6, 2008)
Abstract
Ozawa, T., Nishitani, J., Lopez-Villalobos, N. and Blair, H.
2008. The acceptability of goat milk to young Japanese adults. J. Appl. Anim.
Res., 33: 113-116.
For sensory evaluation of fresh goat milk, a sample of 58
students from the Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University were
randomly and evenly divided into two groups as “Group I” and “Group II”.
Only Group II received a 10-min lecture about the health benefits of goat
milk. Bottles of commercial goat milk were used for the tasting. Each
participant was offered 100 ml of fresh goat milk and was given the option
to leave residual milk if the flavour was not considered to be satisfactory.
Milk was graded for taste, smell, richness and overall evaluation. Wilcoxon
rank-sum test, Chi-squared analyses and one-way analysis of variance were
carried out to search for significant differences between the two groups.
Overall, goat milk was found to be moderately acceptable to both groups of
trial participants. However, the amount of residual milk was lower in Group
II compared to Group I (P<0.05). Thus goat milk was moderately acceptable to
young Japanese adults. In addition, promoting the health benefits of goat
milk to consumers via written and verbal information can significantly
increase the amount of goat milk consumption.
Keywords:
Goat milk, sensory test, promotion, Japan.
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Simple
Multiplex PCR for Rapid Diagnosis of Sex of Ducks and Duck Embryos
Santosh Haunshi,*
S.C. Saxena, A. Pattanayak1, S. Bandyopadhaya2,
A.K. Tyagi3,
K. M. Bujarbaruah4
Molecular Genetics
Laboratory
Division of
Poultry Science
ICAR Research
Complex for N.E.H. Region
Umroi Road,
Umiam-793 103, India
(Received June 21, 2007; accepted February 4, 2008)
Abstract
Haunshi, S., Saxena, S.C., Pattanayak, A., Bandyopadhaya,
S., Tyagi, A.K. and Bujarbaruah, K.M. 2008. Simple multiplex PCR for rapid
diagnosis of sex of ducks and duck embryos. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 33: 117-
120.
A simple and rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
was developed for quick diagnosis of sex of duck and duck embryos. W
chromosome specific DNA sequence was selected and primers were designed to
amplify 335 bp fragment from female sex while 16S ribosomal sequence was
selected to design primers to amplify 468 bp PCR products both in male and
female sex as an internal control. Nucleotide sequences of W chromosome
specific DNA fragments of Khaki Campbell and Indian Runner breeds of duck
were found to be identical both in size and sequences. The study concluded
that the protocol was successful in precisely identifying the gender of
ducklings belonging to both Indian Runner and Khaki Campbell breeds of ducks
and duck embryos.
Key words: Multiplex PCR, duck, embryo, sex
diagnosis.
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Effect of
Antagonistic Minerals (Fe, S and Zn) on
Absorption and Metabolism of Cu by Sheep Fed Poultry Waste
A.F.
Castellanos-Ruelas*, J.A. Pacheco-Aguirre, M.L. Murguía-Olmedo1,
J.G. Rosado-Rubio,
D.A.
Betancur-Ancona, L.A. Chel-Guerrero
Facultad de
Ingeniería Química
Universidad
Autónoma de Yucatán
Av. Juárez # 421.
Ciudad Industrial. C.P. 97288. Mérida, Yuc. México
(Received November
29, 2006; accepted February 23, 2008)
Abstract
Castellanos-Ruelas, A.F., Pacheco-Aguirre, J.A.,
Murguía-Olmedo, M.L., Rosado-Rubio, J.G., Betancur-Ancona, D.A. and Chel-Guerrero,
L.A. 2008. Effect of antagonistic minerals (Fe, S and Zn) on absorption and
metabolism of Cu by sheep fed poultry waste. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 33:
121-125.
To examine effects of feeding higher levels of minerals
antagonistic to Cu (S, Fe and Zn) on production and digestibility of Cu of
hair sheep fed a diet based on poultry waste (poultry manure) containing
over 90 ppm Cu for 90 d, eight diets were fed to thirty-two male Pelibuey
sheep. The diets contained each of the three minerals (Fe, S and Zn) at two
levels, 647 mg/kg, 0.39% and 216 mg/kg; versus 833 mg/kg, 0.42% and 772
mg/kg, respectively in a 2x2x2 factorial design. Animal productivity as well
as Cu content of liver and kidney were not affected by the treatments. High
levels of Fe reduced (P<0.05) Cu digestibility. The ceruloplasmin activity
during the experiment also was reduced by the addition of S or Fe plus Zn.
Results indicate that supplementation with S or Fe plus Zn may delay Cu
intoxication of sheep consuming diets containing excess Cu.
Keywords: Poultry manure, copper, absorption,
minerals, hair sheep.
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Litter Beetle (Alphitobius
diaperinus Panzer) Counts in Broiler Houses Treated with a Range of
Insecticides
J.B. Hess1, K.S. Macklin1, B.A. McCrea2
1Poultry
Science Department
Auburn University,
AL 36849-5416
2University
of California at Davis
Davis, CA
USA
(Received August 8, 2007; accepted January 21, 2008)
Abstract
Hess, J.B., Macklin, K.S. and McCrea, B.A. 2008. Litter
beetle (Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer) counts in broiler houses treated with
a range of insecticides. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 33:127-131.
Litter beetles (Alphitobious diaperinus Panzer) remain an
important poultry production pest on several fronts. They have been shown to
damage poultry houses and harbor pathogens that affect people and poultry.
This trial examined beetle counts in commercial broiler houses treated with
1 of 2 insecticide treatments, applied dry or wet. Three levels of dry
(12.20, 15.26 and 18.31 g/m2) and one level of liquid application of an
organophosphate (Rabon) and pyrethroid (Tempo) dry (1% dust) and wet (20%
Wettable powder) were compared to an untreated control house across one
growout. Six pvc pipes (2.5 cm wide by 25 cm long) were filled with a rolled
up piece of chick paper. They were placed in each house for a 3 d period
during brooding, at 3 wk of age and prior to marketing the birds. The tubes
were placed in plastic bags and refrigerated for 24 h prior to counting
larval and adult litter beetles. All treatments reduced larval and adult
litter beetles in relation to the untreated control house. The
organophosphate did not reduce adult beetle numbers as quickly as pyrethroid,
but showed good control by the 3rd week. As expected, the 15.26 and 18.31
g/m2 application rates of the organophosphate reduced beetle numbers, while
the 12.20 g level did not control beetles as well. Products applied dry
showed better control than those applied as a liquid, with larvae levels
increasing as the flock aged in the liquid treatment. The products tested
controlled litter beetles at suggested application rates, with dry
applications showing better control than liquid applications.
Key words: Litter beetle,insecticide, broiler.
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Responses to
Sweetener-Quinine Mixtures in
Chicks: Short-term Fluid Intake Test
H. Furuta*1, T. Izumi2, K. Dodo2,
K. Yahata2, S. Nishimoto2, T. Bungo3
1Department
of Animal Science
Nippon Veterinary
and Life Science University
Musashino Tokyo
180-8602, Japan
2Department
of Agrobiological Science
Faculty of
Agriculture
Ehime University
Matsuyama Ehime
790-8566, Japan
3Department
of Bioresource Science
Graduate School of
Biosphere Science
Hiroshima
University
Higashi-Hiroshima
Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
(Received September 4, 2007; accepted April 5, 2008)
Abstract
Furuta, H., Izumi, T., Dodo, K., Yahata, K., Nishimoto,
S. and Bungo, T. 2008. Responses to sweetener quinine mixtures in chicks:
short-term fluid intake test. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 33: 133-136.
To study behavioral responses to sweet taste stimuli in
young chickens, White leghorn chicks were given mixed-solutions of quinine
and saccharin or glycine for 10 minutes after being deprived of water for 6
h. The consumption of quinine alone solution was significantly lower than
water control (p<0.05), whereas saccharin (1.0 mM) or glycine (0.5 M)
produced a recovery from taste aversion of quinine to approximately 82-83%
of baseline (control) level. Our results suggest that chicks seem to sense
sweetness and this shortterm test may be a useful tool to evaluate taste
sense for chicks.
Key words: Taste, saccharin, quinine, glycine,
water intake, chick.
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Estimation of
Endogenous Nitrogen and Amino Acids Flow
at the Duodenum and Ileum in Growing Goats Fed on Different NDF Level Diets
C.S. Zhou1,2, H.L. Jiang1,2, Z.L.
Tan1*, X.G. Zhao1,2, Z.H. Sun1,2, S.X. Tang
1,2, M. Wang1
1Key
Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-ecological Engineering
Institute of
Subtropical Agriculture
The Chinese
Academy of Sciences
Changsha Hunan
410125-10, P. R. China
2Graduate
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Beijing 100039, P.
R. China
(Received July 24, 2007; accepted April 4, 2008)
Abstract
Zhou, C.S., Jiang, H.L., Tan, Z.L., Zhao, X.G., Sun, Z.H.,
Tang, S.X. and Wang, M. 2008. Estimation of endogenous nitrogen and amino
acids flow at the duodenum and ileum in growing goats fed on different NDF
level diets. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 33: 137-144.
An experiment was conducted with four ruminally,
duodenally and ileally cannulated goats (15±0.5 kg) allocated to four
dietary treatments in a 4×4 Latin square design to estimate the effects of
dietary NDF levels on the losses of endogenous nitrogen (EN) and endogenous
amino acids at the duodenum and ileum in goats. Goats were fed the total
mixed diets containing four levels of NDF (39.69, 36.95, 34.22 and 31.49%).
The duodenal flow of EN and AA was determined by the difference and amino
acid profile (AAP) method, respectively. The ileal flow of EN and AA was
measured by the water soluble protein method. The duodenal flow of EN
estimated by the two methods were not affected (P>0.05) by the dietary NDF
content. For the estimated values by the AAP method, the duodenal flow of
endogenous AA expressed less variation than those by the difference method.
When compared with the difference method, the duodenal flow and the
re-absorption of endogenous N and AA were higher than those estimated by the
AAP method. The results implied that dietary fiber content might influence
the secretion of endogenous protein and the more reasonable estimates of
endogenous N and AA could be obtained by the AAP method.
Keywords: Endogenous protein, NDF, amino acid
profile, goat.
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Determination of Genetic Distance
Between East Anatolian Red, Brown Swiss,
Holstein and Simmental Breeds of Cattle Using Polymorphic Systems
Unsal Dogru1*, Memis Ozdemir1,
Mehmet Ihsan Soysal2, Mehmet Topal1
1Department
of Animal Science
College of
Agriculture, Ataturk University
25240 Erzurum,
Turkey
2Department
of Animal Science
Faculty of
Agriculture, Namik Kemal University
59030 Tekirdag,
Turkey
(Received March 24, 2007; accepted March 14, 2008)
Abstract
Dogru, U., Ozdemir, M., Soysal, M.I. and Topal, M. 2008.
Determination of genetic distance between East Anatolian Red, Brown Swiss,
Holstein and Simmental breeds of cattle using polymorphic systems. J. Appl.
Anim. Res., 33: 145-148.
Genetic distances were determined according to Nei,
Cavalli-Sforza and Reynolds methods between the Brown Swiss (173), Simmental
(80), Holstein (18) and East Anatolian Red (51) cattle breeds using milk
protein (αs1) and blood protein types (Hb and Tf). The distribution of
phenotypic frequencies in all the four breeds for all systems except αs1-Cn
was significant (P<0.01) using chi-square test. Phylogenetic trees based on
the polymorphic systems of the populations obtained by three different
methods of Nei, Cavalli-Sforza and Reynolds were found to be similar.
According to the phylogenetic trees Brown Swiss and Simmental cattle breeds
fall in one group and dairy (Holstein) and Native (East Anatolian Red)
breeds in different groups.
Keywords: Milk protein loci, transferrin,
haemoglobin loci, phylogenetic tree.
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A New Method of Brain Staining with
Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride to
Determine the Infarct Size in Rats
E. Kheradpezhouh1,2*, R. Miri2, A.
Noorafshan3, M.R. Panjehshahin1, D. Mehrabani4
1Department
of Pharmacoloy
2Medicinal
and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center
3Department
of Anatomy
4Gastroenterohepatology
Research Center
Nemazee Hospital,
Shiraz Medical School
Shiraz University
of Medical Sciences
Shiraz, 71955-848
Iran
(Received March 22, 2007; accepted March 18, 2008)
Abstract
Kheradpezhouh, E., Miri, R., Noorafshan, A., Panjehshahin,
M.R. and Mehrabani, D. 2008. A new method of brain staining with
triphenyltetrazolium chloride to determine the infarct size in rats. J. Appl.
Anim. Res., 33: 149-152.
To show the accuracy of 2, 3, 5-Triphenyltetrazolium
chloride (TTC) staining method, in a case-control study, 10 rats were
divided into two groups, an ischemia-induced (experimental) and a control
group. The brains of both groups were stained with the new method. The
complete staining of the brain of all rats in the control group confirmed
the efficacy of this method. Besides, in the experimental group, the method
distinguished between the viable and dead tissues and could demonstrate the
borders and the size of the infarction too.
Key words: 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC),
cerebral ischemia, stereology.
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Dry Matter and Nitrogen
Degradation Parameters of Tropical Tree
Foliages Eaten by West African Dwarf Sheep
I. Ikhimioya#, A.O. Isah, K.O. Akhidenor, E.
Otite
Department of
Animal Science
Faculty of
Agriculture
Ambrose Alli
University
Ekpoma, Nigeria
(Revised received January 27, 2008; accepted February 12,
2008)
Abstract
Ikhimioya, I., Isah, A.O., Akhidenor, K.O. and Otite, E.
2008. Dry matter and nitrogen degradation parameters of tropical tree
foliages eaten by west African dwarf sheep. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 33:
153-158.
Foliages from Ficus exasperata, Spondias monbin, Tectonia
grandis and Terminalia catappa were evaluated to measure rumen degradation
characteristics of their DM and N contents using nylon bag technique.
Effective and potential degradabilities of dry matter of F. exasperata were
much higher than those of other trees. Whereas, effective and potential
degradabilities of N were highest for F. exasperata and lowest for T.
catappa. The leaves of S. monbin, T. grandis and T. catappa appeared to be
potential sources of rumen undegraded protein to the small intestine which
could probably be exploited for the benefits of ruminants.
Keywords: Tropical tree foliages, degradation, dry
matter, nitrogen, ruminants, chemical composition.
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Genetic Diversity in River Buffalo
(Bubalus bubalis) Breeds of Central India
using Heterologous Bovine Microsatellite Markers
B.P. Mishra*, R.S. Kataria, S. S. Bulandi, V. Kumar, M.
Mukesh
Buffalo Genomics
Laboratory
National Bureau of
Animal Genetic Resources
Karnal-132 001,
India
(Received May 12, 2007; accepted March 06, 2008)
Abstract
Mishra, B.P., Kataria, R.S., Bulandi, S.S., Kumar, V. and
Mukesh, M. 2008. Genetic diversity in river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) breeds
of central India using heterologous bovine microsatellite markers. J. Appl.
Anim. Res., 33: 159-163.
A panel of 25 bovine specific heterologous
microsatellite markers was employed for evaluating both within and between
breed genetic variability estimates in Pandharpuri and Nagpuri buffaloes,
two prominent breeds of Central India. A total of 148 alleles were detected
across the two breeds with mean number of 5.92 alleles. The mean allelic
diversity and heterozygosity reflected the existence of relatively higher
genetic variability in Nagpuri buffalo. The F-statistics estimates were
significantly different from zero (P<0.05) with F (FIT) = 0.349 ± 0.051, f (FIS)
= 0.254 ± 0.039, θ (FST) = 0.126 ± 0.042. Most of the genetic variations
correspond to differences among individuals (87.4%). Various genetic
differentiation estimates indicated moderate differentiation between Nagpuri
and Pandharpuri buffaloes. Individual assignment and interindividual allele
sharing estimates also substantiated the presence of discrete genetic
structure in both the buffalo breeds from Central India.
Key words: Indian river buffalo, genetic
diversity, microsatellite markers.
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A Nonlinear
Regression Model for Growth
Shiv Prasad, Ram Karan Singh, Rajendra Singh
Division of
Livestock Economics
Statistics and
Information Technology
Indian Veterinary
Research Institute
Izatnagar-243 122,
India
(Received December 2, 2006; accepted December 16, 2007)
Abstract
Prasad, S., Singh, R.K. and Singh, R. 2008. A nonlinear
regression model for growth. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 33: 165-167.
The polynomial regressions are not suitable to describe
the growth in which the dependent variable approaches to an asymptotic value
as independent variable passes through infinity. The Stevens model is,
generally, used to model the asymptotic growth. A nonlinear regression model
that is an extension of this model is proposed in this study and empirically
has been shown that the proposed model performs better than Stevens model
for estimation of growth curves.
Key words: Asymptotic growth, nonlinear regression
model, Stevens model.
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Effect of
Dietary Crude Protein Level on Quality and Production of Meat in
Holstein Steers
A. Pasinatoa*, J. Elizaldeb, O.
Tisoccoc, G. Teirac, F. Perloc, P. Bonatoc
aNational
Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA)
Research Station
Concepción del Uruguay
CC6 (3260) Entre
Ríos, República Argentina`
bNational
University of Mar del Plata
Faculty of
Agriculture, C.C.276
(7620) Balcarce,
Buenos Aires, República Argentina
cMeat
Industries Laboratory
Sciences Feeding
Faculty, Entre Ríos National University (UNER)
M Tavella 1450,
(3200) Concordia, Entre Ríos, República Argentina.
(Received August 10, 2007; accepted April 06, 2008)
Abstract
Pasinato, A., Elizalde, J., Tisocco, O., Teira, G., Perlo,
F. and Bonato, P. 2008. Effect of dietary crude protein level on quality and
production of meat in Holstein steers. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 33: 169-173.
To characterize the effect of dietary crude protein
level on quality and production of meat in Holstein steers, they received
complete diets with the same metabolizable energy concentration but
different protein content: 12, 14 and 17%, respectively. The average daily
live weight gain was 1.32±0.17 kg/head.day-1 without differences among
treatments (P>0.05). The group that received the highest level of protein
consumed more dry matter (P<0.05) and had lower feed conversion than the
group of animals with the diet with 12% crude protein. There were no
differences (P>0.05) in the chemical composition of meat among the three
treatments. The pH values of all the animals were in the range of an optimum
value (5.54 to 5.70). There were no marked effects of the dietary protein
level on meat production and quality.
Keywords: Meat quality, dietary protein level,
Holstein steers.
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Egg
Production and Quality in Laying Hens Fed on Different Digestible Amino Acid
Regimes and Housed at Three Stocking Densities B.
Vázquez-González, L. Sarmiento-Franco*, R. Santos-Ricalde,
M. Carvajal-Hernández, J. Segura-Correa, M. Gutiérrez-Triay
Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science
Universidad
Autonoma de Yucatán
Apdo. Postal
4-116, Itzimna, Merida, Yucatán
Mexico
(Received May 16, 2007; accepted April 18, 2008)
Abstract
Vázquez-González, B., Sarmiento-Franco, L., Santos-Ricalde,
R., Carvajal-Hernández, M., Segura-Correa, J. and Gutiérrez-Triay, M. 2008.
Egg production and quality in laying hens fed on different digestible amino
acid regimes and housed at three stocking densities. J. Appl. Anim. Res.,
33: 175-180.
The objective of the present study was to compare the
production performance and egg quality in hens fed on 3 different digestible
amino acid regimes and housed at three stocking densities. One hundred and
sixty two light Isa-Babcock B300 laying hens were allocated randomly
according to 2, 3 or 4 birds per cage. The birds were fed on different
diets: 70 (CP: 14.4%), 90 (CP: 17.37%) and 110% (CP: 21.58%) of essential
digestible amino acids requirements. The effect of digestible amino acids
concentration was significant (P<0.05) for egg weight, albumin weight and
albumin width as well as N dropped and crude protein content of excreta. Hen
stocking density affected (P<0.05) only feed intake. It is concluded that
90% of essential digestible amino acids requirements and 4 hens per cage
density (40x40 cm) could contribute to reduce N pollution without adversely
affecting egg production.
Key words: Egg Production, egg quality, digestible
amino acids.
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Foetal Monitoring,
Uterine Dynamics and Reproductive Performance
in Spontaneous Farrowings in Sows
A. Olmos-Hernández1,
M.E. Trujillo-Ortega2, M. Alonso-Spilsbury3, P.
Sánchez-Aparicio3,
R.
Ramírez-Necoechea3, D. Mota-Rojas3*
1Posgrado
en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal
FMVZ Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
Ciudad
Universitaria D.F.
México
2Animal
Production Department: Swine
Facultad de
Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia
Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México
Ciudad
Universitaria D.F.
Mexico
3Animal
Production & Agriculture Department
Research Area:
Ecodesarrollo de la Producción Animal
Universidad
Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco
Mexico
(Received March 13, 2007, accepted April 14, 2008)
Abstract
Olmos-Hernández, A., Trujillo-Ortega, M.E., Alonso-Spilsbury,
M., Sánchez-Aparicio, P., Ramírez-Necoechea, R. and Mota-Rojas, D. 2008.
Foetal monitoring, uterine dynamics and reproductive performance in
spontaneous farrowings in sows. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 33: 181-185.
To determine the farrowing process and to evaluate the
effect of parity on uterine dynamics and reproductive performance, 120
Yorkshire X Landrace hybrid sows, twenty for each parity number from 1 to 6
were used. Frequency, duration and intensity of contractions were monitored
as indicators of uterine activity, foetal cardiac frequency (FCF) was
monitored to determine fetal distress. Overall, farrowing duration was 189
min, contraction number and intensity were 40.9 and 9.89 mm Hg,
respectively. Sixth parity sows had the shortest labor duration. The average
number of fetuses with severe bradycardia and distress was 0.5. There was a
significant increase (P=0.001) in the number of uterine contractions in
gilts and second parity sows. First parity sows showed the highest intensity
of contractions (12.30 mm Hg, P=0.001) and the largest number of delayed FCF
decelerations, (0.90, P=0.004), which agrees too with a large average number
of intra-partum stillbirths (0.90) found. The present study establishes the
basic uterine dynamics of eutocic parturitions which may help in swine
obstetrics to design uterotonic treatments reducing the stillbirth rate due
to asphyxia. These findings emphasize a need for farrowing supervision,
especially for first and over fifth parity sows.
Keywords: Parity number, uterine dynamics,
spontaneous farrowings, sow.
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Effects of
Feeding Phytogenic Substances and Phytase
on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Young Broilers
T.C. Loh1,*,
H.G. Ling1, N.T. Thanh1, H.L. Foo2, M.A.
Rajion3, S.I. David4
1Department
of Animal Science
Faculty of
Agriculture
2Department
of Bioprocess Technology
Faculty of
Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
3Department
of Preclinical
Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine
Universiti Putra
Malaysia
43400 UPM Serdang,
Selangor
4Gladron
Chemicals Sdn. Bhd., No. 7, Jalan TP7
UEP Industrial
Park, 40400 Shah Alam
Malaysia
(Received September 14, 2007; accepted April 24, 2008)
Abstract
Loh, T.C., Ling, H.G., Thanh, N.T., Foo, H.L., Rajion,
M.A. and David, S.I. 2008. Effects of feeding phytogenic substances and
phytase on growth perfomrnace and nutrient digestibility of young broilers.
J. Appl. Anim. Res., 33: 187-192.
The effect of feeding phytogenic feed additive (Biostrong®,
BS510) and microbial phytase (Natuphos® 5000) on the growth performance and
nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens was studied. A total of 280 male
Ross broilers were raised from day old until 21 d of age under 3-tier cage
system. The chicks were divided into 5 groups: Control – Basal diet; T1:
Basal diet + phytase (using 100% matrix value of phytase); T2: Basal diet +
BS510 (using 100% matrix value of BS510); T3: Basal diet + phytase (using
100% matrix value of phytase) + BS510 (without matrix) and T4: Basal diet +
phytase (using 100% matrix value of phytase) + BS510 (using only 100% Ca, P
matrix value of BS510). The birds fed with phytase or phytogenic substances
or combinations had better growth performance than the control. The diets
added with phytogenic substances and phytase had better digestibility of
nutrients such as crude protein, phosphorus and calcium. It is concluded
that both additives can be used in broiler chicken diet with advantage.
Key words : Phytogenic feed additive, phytase,
nutrients, digestibility, broiler.
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Mechanistic
Model Evaluation of Tree Species and Cactae
Commonly Consumed by Grazing Goats1,2
L. Vargas-Villamila,3, A. S. Juárez-Reyesb,
J. Ku-Verac, E. Ávila-Valesd,4, F. Vargas-Villamile,
S. Medina-Peraltad, M. A. Cerrillo-Sotob
aÁrea
de Producción Animal
Colegio de
Postgraduados Campus Tabasco
Periférico Carlos
A. Molina Km. 3.5
Apartado Postal
24, 86500, H. Cárdenas, Tab. México
bFacultad
de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia
Universidad Juárez
del Estado de Durango
Durango, Dgo.
34280, México
cFacultad
de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia
dFacultad
de Matemáticas
Universidad
Autónoma de Yucatán
Mérida, Yuc.
97110, México,
ePrograma
de Matemáticas Aplicadas y Computación
Instituto Mexicano
del Petróleo
07730, México, D.F.
(Received January 27, 2007; accepted April 10, 2008)
Abstract
Vargas-Villamil, L., Juárez-Reyes, A.S., Ku-Vera, J.,
Ávila-Vales, E., Vargas-Villamil, F., Medina-Peralta, S. and Cerrillo-Soto,
M.A. 2008. Mechanistic model evaluation of tree species and cactae commonly
consumed by grazing goats. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 33: 193-198.
The mechanistic dynamic model, Kóokay, was used to
estimate the initial high degradable phase (QSC(0)), the medium degradation
fractional rate (kND,NDSm), the fermentation fractional rate (kSm,SmF) and
the relation between the produced gas as a function of the fermented mass (fΔG,ΔF).
To obtain these parameters a bounded regression problem was solved using in
situ and in vitro data. It was found that: the cactae had much higher value
for QSC(0), kND,NDSm and kSm,SmF than tree leaves. The fΔG,ΔF > 40 mLG(mgF)-1
for Q. grisea and Opuntia spp and fΔG,ΔF < 40 mLG(mgF)-1 for the others. At
the incubation time of 8 h, the fermentation of the tree leaves, the O.
leptocaulis and the Opuntia spp was 20, ~35 and 60 mgF(100 mgDM)-1,
respectively. It was concluded that kSm,SmF is an important parameter to
determine the nutritive value of new feeds since it is useful to predict the
F into the rumen. Also, the F for Q. grisea, Q. eduardii and A. schaffneri
are similar, but lower than Opuntia spp and O. leptocaulis.
Key words: Modeling, tree, fermentation,
degradation, cactae.
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Gestation Duration and
Rectal Temperature Changes During
Peripartum Period in Dogs
A.K. Zonturlua*, O.A. Aksoyb, C.
Kacarc
aDepartment
of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproduction
Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Harran University
Ôanl2urfa, Turkey
bGemlik
Military Veterinary School and Training Center
Bursa, Turkey
cDepartment
of Obstetrics and Gyneocology
Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University
Kars, Turkey
(Received November 13, 2007; accepted April 10, 2008)
Abstract
Zonturlu, A.K., Aksoy, O.A. and Kacar, C. 2008. Gestation
duration and rectal temperature changes during peripartum period in dogs. J.
Appl. Anim. Res., 33: 199-200.
To investigate duration of gestation and variation in
body temperature during peripartum period 20 bitches (14 German Shepherds,
GS and 6 Labrador Retrievers, LR) were used. Gestation duration was found to
be 60.6±1.3 and 61.6±2.0 days in GS and LR, respectively. The rectal
temperature, which was around 38.5C during 144 h before parturition
decreased (P<0.05) to 37.4C at the onset of whelping. Thus, monitoring
rectal temperature before expected date of parturition may help to predict
the time of parturition.
Key words: Dog, gestation length, body
temperature.
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Laparoscopy for
Direct Examination of Internal Organs in
Small Animals
S.K. Maiti, A. Dutta, P. Ajith, N. Kumar, A.K. Sharma, G.R.
Singh
Division of
Surgery
Indian Veterinary
Research Institute
Izatnagar-243122,
India
(Received November 30, 2007; accepted March 16, 2008)
Abstract
Maiti, S.K., Dutta, A., Ajith, P., Kumar, N., Sharma, A.K.
and Singh, G.R. 2008. Laparoscopy for direct examination of internal organs
in small animals. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 33: 201-204.
The technique of laparoscopy was evaluated as a means
of observing and examining the internal organs of small animals. Surgical
planes of anaesthesia were obtained with standard combinations of
xylazineketamine drugs in goats, dogs and rabbits. Three sizes of
laparoscopes (2.7, 5.0 and 10.0 mm in diameter) were used in animals ranging
from 0.8 to 30 kg body weight. The 5-mm laparoscope was the most versatile,
although all laparoscopes allowed observation of different abdominal organs.
A total of 230 examinations were performed in 15 goats, 68 dogs and 25
rabbits. Ten goats and 25 dogs underwent more than 3 or 5 examinations,
respectively. Laparoscopy was simple, accurate and practical technique for
visual examination of abdominal organs.
Keywords: Internal organs, laparoscopy, small
animals, surgery.
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Molecular
Variability of Somatotropin Releasing Hormone (SRH) Gene in Mithun
(Bos
frontalis)+
Subodh Kumar*, Ram Prasath Manohar V.1, S.M. Deb2,
Abhijit Mitra, Bejoy John, Arjava Sharma, K.M. Bujarbaruah3
1Animal
Genetics Division
Indian Veterinary
Research Institute
Izatnagar-243 122,
India
(Received November 08, 2006; accepted April 16, 2008)
Abstract
Kumar, S., Manohar, R.P.V., Deb, S.M., Mitra, A., John,
B., Sharma, A. and Bujarbaruah, K.M. 2008. Genetic variability of
somatotropin releasing hormone (SRH) gene in Mithun (Bos frontalis). J. Appl.
Anim. Res., 33: 205-207.
A fragment of 452 bp corresponding to exon 2 and 3 of
somatotropin releasing hormone (SRH) gene on amplification in 90 mithun (Bos
frontalis) revealed two genotypic patterns viz. AA genotypic pattern (bands
of 292 and 160 bp) and AB genotypic pattern (452, 292, and 160 bp) with
respect to SauI restriction enzyme. The sequence of the A allele, which was
the first report on mithun SRH gene, was submitted to GenBank (Accession No.
EF014289).
Keywords: Bos frontalis, exon 2-3, mithun,
PCR-RFLP, SauI, somatotropin releasing hormone.
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