Eggshell Quality and Egg Weight of Late-cycle Broiler Breeders on One or Two-stage Feeding Programs

J.B. Hess, R.J. Lien, W.D. Berry

Poultry Science Department
Auburn University
Auburn, AL 36849-5416, USA

(Received July 20, 2002; accepted March 6, 2003)

Abstract

Hess, J.B., Lien, R.J. and Berry, W.D. 2003. Eggshell quality and egg weight of late-cycle broiler breeders on one or two-stage feeding programs. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 23: 145-152.

To determine effects of diet on late cycle eggshell quality, broiler breeders were provided a standard breeder feed (one stage program) or a lower protein, lower methionine, lower phosphorus, higher calcium feed (two stage program) from 45 to 65 weeks of age. Equal daily allotments of each feed were provided to 8 pens of 15 hens per program. Although there was no measurable reduction in egg production in hens fed the two stage program, hen body weights did increase relative to the one stage program. The two stage program did not limit increase in egg weight. Eggshell quality variables did not decrease as much with age as expected and were not influenced by feed treatment. Under these conditions, the lower ingredient costs of the two stage program reduced feed cost with little loss in performance.

Influence of Sugar Cane Intake on Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation in Crossbreed Steers Fed Stargrass

E. Aranda, G.D. Mendoza^a, G.R. Bárcena,
J. Ramos, F. Castrejón^b

Colegio de postgraduados, Programa de Ganadería
Montecillo México, Km 36.5 Carr.
México-Texcoco, Estado de México, 56230 México

(Revised received December 26, 2002; accepted February 10, 2003)

Abstract

Aranda, E., Mendoza, G.D., Bárcena, G.R., Ramos, J. and Castrejón, F. 2003. Influence of sugar cane intake on digestibility and ruminal fermentation in crossbreed steers fed stargrass. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 23: 153-160.

An experiment was conducted to study effects of feeding different levels of sugar cane on ruminal fermentation and fiber digestion in crossbreed steers fed with stargrass mixtures when sugar cane (SC) and stargrass (SG) are fed together to four crossed (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) steers (455 kg BW) with ruminal canula. A Latin square design experiment was used to test different levels of chopped sugar cane intake (0, 0.9, 1.6 and 1.8% BW) with stargrass fed ad libitum. Intake of SG reduced linearly (P<0.05) as SC feed level increased. Ruminal digestibility of DM, NDF and ADF did not change (P>0.05), although CP was increased linearly. Total ADF digestibility increased with higher intake of SC. In situ NDF digestibilities of SG and SC were not affected (P>0.05) by treatments. Molar proportion of butyrate was increased (P<0.01) but other VFA did not change. Results indicated that sugar cane can be used as a complementary forage with stargrass, showing a substitutive effect without altering ruminal fermentation or digestibility of the diet.

Re-evaluation of the Lysine Requirement of the Commercial Laying Hen in a Corn-Soybean Meal Diet

D.E. Faria², R.H. Harms³, R.S. Antar, G.B. Russell

Department of Animal Sciences
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA

(Received July 27, 2002; accepted March 22, 2003)

Abstract

Faria, D.E., Harms, R.H., Antar, R.S. and Russell, G.B. 2003. Re-evaluation of the lysine requirement of the commercial laying hen in a corn-soybean meal diet. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 23: 161-174.

Two experiments were conducted with Hy-Line W36^® hens to evaluate their Lys requirement in a corn-soybean meal diet. Eight experimental diets were used in each experiment with graded levels of Lys: 0.76, 0.72, 0.68, 0.64, 0.60, 0.56, 0.52, 0.48 per cent and 0.80, 0.76, 0.72, 0.68, 0.64, 0.60, 0.56, 0.52 per cent for Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Supplemental amino acids (AA) were added to all diets to ensure that Lys was the first-limiting AA. Egg production (EP), egg content (EC) and daily Lys intake were significantly increased with increasing dietary Lys levels. Broken-line regression indicated a daily Lys requirement of 633.1 and 642.9 mg per hen per d in Experiment 1 and of 606.5 and 606.6 mg per hen per d in Experiment 2 for EP and EC, respectively. The Lys requirements to produce a g of EC were 13.35 and 13.20 mg in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively.

Effect of Activated Charcoal on Trichoverrins (A & B) Toxin Administration on Rat Liver and Serum Protein

Nagwa M. El-Sawi Mahmoud*

Chemistry Department
Faculty of Science
South Valley University, Sohag, Egypt

(Revised received December 4, 2002; accepted March 6, 2003)

Abstract

El-Sawi, N.M. 2003. Effect of activated charcoal on trichoverrins (A & B) toxin administration on rat liver and serum protein. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 23: 175-184.

To study the effect of exposure to trichoverrin (A & B) (1:1) and in combination with charcoal, male rats were treated with a sublethal dose (0.9 mg/kg, orally). Trichoverrin A & B showed highly significant increase of plasma levels of lipid peroxides (LPO), uric acid and significant decrease of plasma levels of antioxidants, vitamins A, C and E, albumin, total thiols, ceruloplasmin (CP) as well as the plasma activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In erythrocyte lysate and tissue homogenate of liver, levels of LPO, GST were significantly increased while total thiols and activities of SOD and catalase (CAT) were significantly decreased. The treatment of rats with charcoal (1g/kg) ameliorated the adverse effects of toxin. The results suggest that charcoal may be used as antioxidant and antidote for trichoverrins (A & B) (1:1) in rats.

Effect of Floor Space on the Performance of Broiler Quails at Different Seasons

S.K. Agarwal, S.K. Bhanja¹, S. Majumdar, Raj Narayan

Central Avian Research Institute
Izatnagar-243 122, India

(Revised received March 22, 2003; accepted March 26, 2003)

Abstract

Agarwal, S.K., Bhanja, S.K., Majumdar, S. and Narayan, R. 2003. Effect of floor space on the performance of broiler quails at different seasons.
J. Appl. Anim. Res., 23: 185-194.

The broiler quail chicks hatched during summer (May 2000) and winter (Nov 2000) were randomly distributed in battery brooders (160x80x25 cm) at the floor space of 100, 150 and 180 cm²/bird during brooding period
(0-3 wk). Thereafter, one group in each floor space was reared with same floor space and another with higher floor space in the rearing cages (60x60x24 cm) until 5th wk of age. During brooding period, the birds kept at 180 cm² floor space recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher 3rd wk body weight and feed consumption both during summer and winter. However, feed conversion ratio (FCR) during that period was significantly better (P<0.05) in 100 cm² floor space. The birds provided extra floor space during finishing period (3-5 wk) recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher 5th wk body weight and better FCR than the birds kept at the same floor space. Dressing percentage increased significantly (P<0.05) with increased floor space. It may be more profitable if the broiler quails are kept at lower floor space during brooding period and then shifted to higher floor space in growing period.

Determination of Best Fitted Regression Model for Estimation of Body Weight
in Awassi Sheep

Mehmet Topal*, Necati Yíldíz, Nurinisa Esenbu—a, Vecihi Aksakal, Muhlis Macit, MemiŐ Özdemir

Departmant of Animal Science
Atatürk University, College of Agriculture
25240, Erzurum, Turkey

(Revised received April 16, 2003; accepted April 22, 2003)

Abstract

Topal, M., Yíldíz, N., Esenbu—a, N., Aksakal, V., Macit, M. and Özdemir, M. 2003. Determination of best fitted regression model for estimation of body weight in Awassi sheep. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 23: 201-208.

In this research, linear regression models were improved for estimation of body weights using various body measurements from Awassi sheep. Simple and multiple regression models were formed when body weight (BW) was dependent variable and body length (BL), heart depth (HD), height at wither (HW), height at shoulder (HS), shin girth (SG), chest width (CW), heart girth (HG), pump width (PW) were independent variables. The best-fitted regression model for estimation of body weight was determined by using mean square error (MSE_p), R²_p and C_p statistics. The model including body length, heart depth, heart girth and pump width was the best fitted model (R²_P=0.851, MSE_p =8.803, C_p=5.972) for estimation of body weight in Awassi sheep in this study.

Determination of Protein Degradability of Some Subtropical Protein Sources by
in situ Technique

M. Görgülü, L. Baykal, H.R. Kutlu*, A.R. Tasdemir

University of Çukurova
Faculty of Agriculture
Department of Animal Science
01330 Adana, Turkey

(Revised received April 20, 2003; accepted April 22, 2003)

Abstract

Görgülü, M., Baykal, L., Kutlu, H.R. and Tasdemir, A.R. 2003 Determination of protein degradability of some subtropical protein sources by in situ technique. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 23: 209-215.

To determine and to compare the ruminal crude protein (CP) degradability of some sub-tropical protein sources, chickling vetch (Lathyrus sativum), bitter vetch (Vicia ervilla), lentil screenings, fish meal (FM), corn gluten meal (CGM), soybean meal (SBM), formaldehyde treated soybean meal (FT-SBM), four cannulated yearling Awassi male lambs were used. Crude protein of chickling vetch, bitter vetch and lentil screening were degraded more rapidly and more than 70% of FT-SBM and CGM crude protein remained undegraded even after 24 hours incubation. Formaldehyde treatment decreased CP degradability of SBM (P<0.05). It is concluded that legume seeds tested in this study are primary sources for rapidly degradable protein in the rumen. It is also concluded that formaldehyde treatment may have a potential to decrease rumen degradability of high quality vegetable protein sources.

A Mathematical Model for Estimation of Optimum Broiler Production Period under the Economic Conditions of Turkey

C. O—uz, S.S. Parlat*

Department of Agricultural Economics
Agricultural Faculty
Selçuk University, 42031 Konya, Turkey

(Received May 2, 2002; accepted December 13, 2002)

Abstract

O—uz, C. and Parlat, S.S. 2003. A mathematical model for estimation of optimum broiler production period under the economic conditions of Turkey. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 23: 195-199.

A mathematical function is more suitable to determine the optimum production time. This has been shown by using the production data of a large broiler producing farm using a model. However, this model can be judged only after it is used frequently in experimental studies.

Effect of Skimmed Milk Powder Incorporation on the Physico-chemical and Sensory Characteristics of Restructured Buffalo Meat Blocks

Sunil Kumar, B.D. Sharma

Division of Livestock Products Technology
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Izatnagar-243 122, India

(Received September 9, 2002; accepted January 10, 2003)

Abstract

Kumar, S. and Sharma, B.D. 2003. Effect of skimmed milk powder incorporation on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of restructured buffalo meat blocks. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 23: 217-222.

Restructuring of meat from spent animals brings about convenience in product preparation, besides enhancing tenderness and value addition. Milk proteins have been shown to offer added functionality and nutritional properties in some meat products. This study was undertaken to evaluate the incorporation of skimmed milk powder (SMP) at 0, 2, 4 and 6 per cent levels replacing lean meat in prestandardized restructured buffalo meat blocks. There was a progressive improvement in the cooking yield, protein, shrinkage, binding strength and sensory characteristics of the meat blocks with increasing levels of skimmed milk powder incorporation. At 2 per cent SMP incorporation, most of the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of the product were found to be comparable to control and 4 per cent SMP products. However, incorporation of 6 per cent skimmed milk powder in the product brought about a significant (P<0.05) improvement in protein, flavour, binding strength and overall acceptability as compared to control. Shrinkage loss was also significantly reduced.

Comparing Serum Cholesterol Types and Levels of Three Trout Species (Salvelinus alpinus, Salmo trutta fario and Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Ataturk University
The Faculty of Agriculture
Fisheries Department, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey

(Received October 18, 2002; accepted May 1, 2003)

Abstract

Atamanalp, M., Yilmaz, M. and Halilo—lu, H.¤. 2003. Comparing serum cholesterol types and levels of three trout species (Salvelinus alpinus, Salmo trutta fario and Oncorhynchus mykiss). J. Appl. Anim. Res., 23: 223-226.

The blood samples of three different trout species (Salvelinus alpinus, Salmo trutta fario and Oncorhynchus mykiss), breeding in the same farm and feeding with the same feed, were analysed for total cholesterol levels and cholesterol types (LDL, HDL and VLDL). In S. alpinus; CHO, LDL, HDL and VLDL values were found as (mg/dl) 327.6±36.38; 180±21.20; 230±26.4 and 136.4±18.85, respectively. For S. trutta fario, these values were 336.2±36.38; 216.2±21.20; 174±26.4; 102.6±18.85 and for O. mykiss 470±36.38; 195±21.20; 114±26.4 and 133.2±18.85. CHO and HDL differences between S. alpinus and O. mykiss were significant.

Effect of Neutrophil Activation on Proteinase Inhibitor, Myeloperoxidase and Superoxide Production in Buffaloes

G.R. Reddy, T. More, Sandeep Kumar

Division of Biochemistry and Food Science
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Izatnagar-243122, India

(Received September 9, 2002; accepted May 1, 2003)

Abstract

Reddy, G.R., More, T. and Kumar, S. 2003. Effect of neutrophil activation on proteinase inhibitor, myeloperoxidase and superoxide production in buffaloes. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 23: 227-232.

An activation of PMN cells with various activating agents was studied in terms of O^_₂ production and release of myeloperoxidase and a-antitrypsin. The Con A, digitonin and LPS caused significant increase in O^_₂ production, release of MPO and decline in the release of protease inhibitors from PMN leucocytes (P<0.01).There was also (P<0.05) decline in autologous plasma a-AT in the presence of activated PMN cells by Con A and could be attributed to inactivation by O^_₂ radicals produced by the PMN cells. The studies have bearing on the understanding of endotoxemia and other inflammatory conditions in animals.